Section 1
116 dòng · 3 người nói · 21 từ vựng
00:00Narrator IELTS listening version K0010.
00:07 You will hear a number of different recordings and you will have to answer questions on what you hear.
00:13 There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions and you will have a chance to check your work.
00:20 All the recordings will be played once only.
00:24 The test is in four sections.
00:27 Write all your answers in the listening question booklet.
00:31 At the end of the test, you will be given 10 minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet.
00:39 Now turn to section one on page two of your question booklet.
00:49 Section 1.
00:50 You will hear a brother and sister talking on the phone about arrangements (sự sắp xếp) for their father's 80th birthday party.
00:58 First, you have some time to look at questions one to six on page two.
01:28 You will see that there is an example that has been done for you.
01:32 On this occasion only, the conversation relating to this will be played first.
01:39Rob Hello?
01:40Margaret Hello Rob, Margaret here.
01:42 I'm just calling about the arrangements (sự sắp xếp) for Dad's 80th birthday party.
01:47Rob Right.
01:48 I've rung around the rest of the family.
01:50 Most people do intend to come, even though it's a long journey.
01:54 Have you made any progress with the venue (địa điểm)?
01:57Margaret Yes.
01:58 There are three possible hotels we could use for the party. The Royal, the Star and the Winchester.
02:05Rob Oh good.
02:06 If we can make a decision now, you can probably book straight away on the internet, can't you?
02:10Margaret Well, only the Star.
02:12 I'd have to make a telephone booking at the others, but that'd be okay too.
02:17Narrator The only hotel that takes online bookings is the Star Hotel.
02:25 So, the letter B has been written in the space.
02:29 Now we shall begin.
02:30 You should answer the questions as you listen because you will not hear the recording a second time.
02:36 Listen carefully and answer questions one to six.
02:42Rob Hello?
02:44Margaret Hello Rob, Margaret here.
02:45 I'm just calling about the arrangements (sự sắp xếp) for Dad's 80th birthday party.
02:50Rob Right.
02:51 I've rung around the rest of the family.
02:54 Most people do intend to come, even though it's a long journey.
02:58 Have you made any progress with the venue (địa điểm)?
03:00Margaret Yes.
03:01 There are three possible hotels we could use for the party.
03:05 The Royal, the Star and the Winchester.
03:08Rob Oh good.
03:09 If we can make a decision now, you can probably book straight away on the internet, can't you?
03:13Margaret Well, only the Star.
03:15 I'd have to make a telephone booking at the others, but that'd be okay too.
03:20Rob Okay.
03:21 So, which one do you think?
03:23Margaret I'm not sure.
03:25 They're all fairly suitable and they're in really nice locations.
03:29 The Star looks right out over the bay.
03:32 It's on a cliff top (đỉnh vách đá).
03:33 Then the Winchester is in lovely countryside (nông thôn) too.
03:37Rob Yes, it's in the valley, isn't it?
03:40Margaret Yes.
03:41Rob What about Mum's wheelchair (xe lăn)?
03:43 How easy would it be for her to get in and out of these places?
03:47Margaret Well, I know that the Winchester would be fine.
03:50 And the Star because I've been there with her before.
03:54 I wasn't sure about the Royal because I seemed to remember it had a lot of steps (bậc thang).
03:58 So I checked, and apparently it's had ramps installed (lắp đặt) recently.
04:03 So there wouldn't be any problem there either.
04:06Rob Oh.
04:07 And what about the kids?
04:08 Which one do you think would be most suitable for them?
04:11 Have they got play areas (khu vui chơi) or anything?
04:14Margaret The Royal hasn't got anything, but the Winchester has one.
04:18 It's on the ground floor they said, not far from the dining room.
04:22 The Star's got one too, but it isn't undercover (có mái che) and we don't know what the weather will be like, do we?
04:28Rob Hmm, true.
04:30Margaret Then there's the birthday meal itself.
04:32 The Royal's the only one where there'd be a choice.
04:35 The other two have a set menu at lunchtime.
04:38 Mind you, they all do very good food apparently, so the quality should be fine.
04:44Rob I don't think it really matters whether there's a variety (sự đa dạng) or not, but I think we need to have our own room, don't you?
04:50Margaret The only one that can provide (cung cấp) that is the Royal.
04:54 The Winchester and the Star only have one dining room (phòng ăn), so we'd just be sitting with the other guests but in a separate area of the room.
05:03Rob Hmm. That's not quite the same, is it?
05:05Margaret No.
05:06 But the other thing to consider is the price.
05:10 Normally there's not much difference between them.
05:13 Perhaps the Star's slightly cheaper than the other two.
05:16 But the Winchester is offering quite a good reduction (sự giảm giá) because there's so many of us.
05:21 The Star and the Royal would just charge their standard rates (giá tiêu chuẩn).
05:25Rob Hmm.
05:26 So, taking everything into considering (xem xét), which one do you think we should go for?
05:32Margaret The Winchester, unless you...
05:34Rob Okay, that's fine by me.
05:36 You've obviously gone into everything very carefully.
05:42Narrator Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 7 to 10 on page three.
06:14 Now listen and answer questions 7 to 10.
06:21Margaret You've done nearly all the work so far.
06:23 So, what can I do now to help?
06:25Rob Well, could you manage the finances (tài chính)?
06:28Margaret Of course.
06:29Rob Do they want the whole amount in advance?
06:32Margaret Just a deposit (tiền đặt cọc).
06:34 I'll find out how much and let you know.
06:37 Then if you could send that straight away to secure (đảm bảo) the booking...
06:41Rob Fine.
06:41Margaret And I'll go and buy some invitations (thiệp mời).
06:44Rob Oh, don't do that.
06:45 I can produce (tạo ra) them.
06:47 I've got a program on my computer. It's easy.
06:50Margaret Okay, thanks.
06:52Rob Then, once we've had the replies, I'll call everyone who's coming to find out if they want transport (phương tiện đi lại).
06:58Margaret Great.
06:59 I can help out with that, pick people up from the station or whatever.
07:03Rob Okay.
07:04Margaret Oh yes, and could you stress that Dad doesn't want presents?
07:10 He keeps reminding me.
07:11 He says there's nothing he really needs.
07:14Rob Okay.
07:15 I'll try to discourage them, but you know what people are like.
07:19 Anything else? Shall I do...
07:25Narrator That is the end of Section 1.
07:27 You now have half a minute to check your answers.
Từ vựng · 21 từ
arrangementssự sắp xếp
venueđịa điểm
cliff topđỉnh vách đá
countrysidenông thôn
wheelchairxe lăn
stepsbậc thang
installedlắp đặt
play areaskhu vui chơi
undercovercó mái che
varietysự đa dạng
providecung cấp
dining roomphòng ăn
reductionsự giảm giá
standard ratesgiá tiêu chuẩn
consideringxem xét
financestài chính
deposittiền đặt cọc
secuređảm bảo
invitationsthiệp mời
producetạo ra
transportphương tiện đi lại
Section 2
62 dòng · 2 người nói · 48 từ vựng
08:00Narrator Now turn to Section 2 on page four.
08:05 Section 2.
08:07 You will hear the director of a club giving a talk about an ancient game played on ice called curling.
08:15 First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 16 on page four.
08:40 Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 16.
08:47Director It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to the Montreal Curling Club.
08:52 I hope you'll enjoy the introductory (giới thiệu) program we've prepared for you.
08:57 I'll start with a brief introduction to the game itself and the implements (dụng cụ) it uses, so that you'll be able to enjoy it when you watch it later on.
09:07 I'll then go on to say a little about the history of the sport and the club.
09:12 So, first, let's take a look at the game of curling and the implements (dụng cụ) it uses.
09:19 It's played on ice and the object (mục tiêu) of the game is for two teams to push heavy stones across the ice towards a target (mục tiêu).
09:29 Now, there are four people in each of the two teams.
09:33 The first is called the lead (người dẫn đầu).
09:36 The next is called the Second.
09:38 The next, surprise surprise, is called the Third.
09:43 And the final player, who is absolutely key, functions as the captain, but is always called the Skip (đội trưởng).
09:52 That's S K I P.
09:56 The area of play (sân chơi) on the ice, whether it be on a rink or on a frozen lake or a stream, is called the sheet (sân băng).
10:05 This long thin area is 42.15 meters by only 4.25 meters.
10:15 And unlike ice hockey ice for example, it is constantly groomed (được chăm sóc) by frequent shaving to keep it perfectly level (bằng phẳng).
10:24 At either end of this are the two zones (khu vực) for the targets (mục tiêu).
10:28 Each one is known as a house (nhà).
10:32 A little bit about the equipment we need.
10:35 The stones are made from granite (đá granit).
10:37 Originally these were held by your fingers in holes, specially carved out in the top.
10:43 But then it was decided to add a handle (tay cầm) to get a better grip.
10:47 The other distinctive (đặc biệt) implement is the brush or broom (chổi).
10:52 This is used for two purposes (mục đích).
10:54 To clean the ice, of course, but more crucially, to warm it.
11:00 This melts the ice slightly and lessens the friction (ma sát) so you get a smoother slide (cú trượt mượt hơn).
11:07 Curling is not an expensive sport.
11:10 You don't buy your own stones.
11:12 In fact, it is illegal (bất hợp pháp) to play in a match with your own stones.
11:17 But you can use your own brush.
11:20 There are two main types, Scottish and Canadian.
11:25 The former are normally made out of horsehair (lông ngựa), and the latter, which are now more frequently used, are made of synthetic (tổng hợp) materials and they don't leave as many threads on the ice.
11:37 Now, apart from stones and brushes, the only other piece of equipment you would need as a beginner is a rubber sole (đế cao su) on one of your shoes, depending on which shoe you lead (dẫn đầu) from.
11:50 The captain will often carry a stopwatch (đồng hồ bấm giờ) to gauge (đo lường) when the ice needs to be changed.
11:55 All equipment and clothing can be bought in the club shop.
12:02Narrator Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 17 to 20 on page four.
12:35 Now listen and answer questions 17 to 20.
12:41Director A quick word about Montreal Curling Club.
12:43 It's renowned (nổi tiếng).
12:45 Not only because it often wins championships (giải vô địch), but because it was the first club for any sport in the whole of the North American continent (lục địa).
12:53 And although curling is not as well known as many other winter sports, we still boast a certain amount of influence (ảnh hưởng) in the National Sports Council.
13:05 And what are the origins (nguồn gốc) of the game?
13:08 It's now well established that it started in Scotland in at least as early as the 16th century (thế kỷ).
13:15 Queen Victoria, on her frequent trips to Scotland, often played it.
13:20 But wrote in her diary (nhật ký) that it required exceptional (phi thường) strength to throw the stones.
13:26 Her patronage (sự bảo trợ) attracted a great deal of interest in the game, especially amongst younger players, and this was enhanced further when she grant (ban cho) a royal title (tước hiệu hoàng gia) to the Caledonian Curling Club which had been set up in the early 19th century (thế kỷ) to create standard regulations (quy định) for the game.
13:45 Curling has always had support in high places.
13:49 In the 16th century (thế kỷ), the Scottish parliament (nghị viện) actually banned (cấm) golf and football as violent and unprofitable (không có lợi nhuận) sports.
13:58 They felt that local men should spend any free time practicing archery (bắn cung) for self-defense (tự vệ) against their enemies.
14:07 But the less popular game of curling wasn't included in the ban.
14:11 The art of throwing stones was thought to be just as useful as shooting arrows.
14:18 But back to Canada.
14:19 Here the game has flourished (phát triển mạnh) since the beginning of the 19th century (thế kỷ) when Scottish soldiers posted there enjoyed playing it on the frozen lakes and rivers.
14:30 Because of the difficulty in imported (nhập khẩu) granite (đá granit) stones from Scotland, cast iron (gang) was used instead, obtained from melted down (nấu chảy) cannon balls (đạn đại bác) which had originally been brought over from Europe.
14:44 Now Canada is regarded as the most successful curling nation in the world.
14:49 Now, the game you're going to see...
14:55Narrator That is the end of Section 2.
14:58 You now have half a minute to check your answers.
Từ vựng · 48 từ
introductorygiới thiệu
implementsdụng cụ
objectmục tiêu
targetmục tiêu
leadngười dẫn đầu
Skipđội trưởng
area of playsân chơi
sheetsân băng
groomedđược chăm sóc
levelbằng phẳng
zoneskhu vực
targetsmục tiêu
housenhà
graniteđá granit
handletay cầm
distinctiveđặc biệt
broomchổi
purposesmục đích
frictionma sát
smoother slidecú trượt mượt hơn
illegalbất hợp pháp
horsehairlông ngựa
synthetictổng hợp
rubber soleđế cao su
stopwatchđồng hồ bấm giờ
gaugeđo lường
renownednổi tiếng
championshipsgiải vô địch
continentlục địa
influenceảnh hưởng
originsnguồn gốc
centurythế kỷ
diarynhật ký
exceptionalphi thường
patronagesự bảo trợ
grantban cho
royal titletước hiệu hoàng gia
regulationsquy định
parliamentnghị viện
bannedcấm
unprofitablekhông có lợi nhuận
archerybắn cung
self-defensetự vệ
flourishedphát triển mạnh
importednhập khẩu
cast irongang
melted downnấu chảy
cannon ballsđạn đại bác
Section 3
101 dòng · 3 người nói · 32 từ vựng
15:31Narrator Now turn to Section 3 on page five.
15:36 Section 3.
15:38 You will hear two students called Josh and Emily discussing an assignment on applying scientific techniques to art.
15:47 First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 24 on page five.
16:23 Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 24.
16:30Emily Hi Josh.
16:32Josh Hi Emily.
16:33 Are you ready to work on the assignment?
16:34Emily Yes.
16:35 Now, we need to describe how modern scientific techniques are being used in the field of art history.
16:42Josh Right.
16:43 And Dr. Abbott suggested that we choose some famous cases to illustrate the argument.
16:48Emily Okay. So what have you found?
16:51Josh Well, there's a Canadian forensic scientist (nhà khoa học pháp y) called Biro.
16:56Emily Yes, I think I've heard of him.
16:58Josh What do you know about him?
17:00Emily Well, I'm a big fan of Jackson Pollock.
17:02Josh The modern American artist?
17:04Emily Mmm. Didn't he paint those really huge abstract paintings (tranh trừu tượng)?
17:08Josh That's him.
17:09Emily I guess it would be pretty easy to fake (giả) one of those paintings.
17:13Josh No way, Emily.
17:14 I know a lot of people think that even a child could paint one.
17:18 To the untrained eye (mắt không chuyên), they might look simple, but they're incredibly intricate (phức tạp) works of art.
17:25Emily Well, sorry, but I really can't agree with you.
17:29 Anyway, what did Biro find out?
17:32Josh Well, Biro worked on a case where a client asked him to prove that a painting she bought for only five dollars was an authentic (xác thực) Jackson Pollock.
17:42Emily So was it a fake (giả)?
17:43Josh Well, Biro found evidence (bằng chứng) to show it was a genuine (thật) Pollock, but the art world didn't accept his findings.
17:51Emily Why?
17:52Josh Well, one critic said that compared to other Pollocks, the white and yellow lines on the painting were too straight.
18:00Emily Come on, Josh.
18:01 That doesn't seem that convincing.
18:03Josh No, you're right. It is a bit weak.
18:06 But the strongest argument was that there were no records of previous owners (chủ sở hữu trước).
18:11 For the painting to be authentic (xác thực), you really should be able to trace (truy tìm) the painting all the way back to the artist's studio (xưởng vẽ).
18:19Emily Well, that's true I suppose.
18:22 Did they consult with anyone else?
18:24Josh The International Foundation for Art Research got involved.
18:29 And what was their verdict (phán quyết)?
18:31Emily Well, they saw a definite similarity (sự tương đồng rõ rệt) in the painting techniques used.
18:35Josh You mean the way Pollock dripped the oils on the canvas?
18:38Emily Yeah.
18:39 And they noted the dirt and paint marks on the back, which all of Pollock's paintings had.
18:45Josh Why's that?
18:46Emily He used to lie his canvases down on the ground when he painted them.
18:51Josh But the foundation were worried about the acrylic paint (sơn acrylic) that was used on the painting.
18:56 It's quite common now, but it was very unusual (bất thường) back in Pollock's day.
19:01Emily So it was probably painted much later.
19:03Josh Right.
19:05Emily So, whose side are we on in this argument?
19:09Josh When it comes to art, you can see the art critic's point.
19:13 If their knowledge and expertise tells them that it definitely isn't a Pollock painting, shouldn't we believe them?
19:20 I mean, that is usually how it works in the art world, isn't it?
19:24Emily Art historians have always judged paintings, but things are changing now.
19:29 If we have modern scientific techniques like fingerprint analysis, why not use them?
19:35Josh Hmm, that's true.
19:37Emily Well, maybe we need a combination (sự kết hợp).
19:39Josh I think you're right.
19:43Narrator Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 25 to 30 on page six.
20:18 Now listen and answer questions 25 to 30.
20:28Emily So did you find out anything else Josh?
20:31Josh Well, have you ever heard of a painting called The Battle of Anghiari?
20:35Emily I have actually.
20:36 It's the lost masterpiece (kiệt tác) by Leonardo da Vinci, the famous Italian artist.
20:42 What about it?
20:43Josh Well, an Italian art analyst (nhà phân tích) called Seracini thinks he knows where it is.
20:49 And he's using scientific techniques to help locate it.
20:52Emily How?
20:54Josh Well, art historians knew where the painting was last seen.
20:58Emily That's right, in the Hall of the 500 in Florence.
21:01Josh Right.
21:02 So Seracini had a theory (lý thuyết) that the painting was still there.
21:07 And he set out to prove it.
21:09 He used a lot of different technology, like radar and thermographic cameras.
21:15 But initially, he scanned every inch of the hall with a laser (tia la-de) in order to make a really accurate (chính xác) 3D model (mô hình 3D) of the building's design.
21:24Emily Did he think the painting was hidden in the building somewhere?
21:27Josh Exactly.
21:29 Then, to find out what the hall looked like in Leonardo's time, he took pictures of it with a thermographic camera.
21:37Emily Couldn't he have used ultrasound to do that?
21:39Josh Not really.
21:40 Different types of building materials produce different amounts of radiation, and you can really see those differences in a thermal image.
21:48Emily So brick would look different from wood or glass for example.
21:53Josh Yes.
21:54 Seracini worked out what the building looked like when it was first built, and what renovations (sự cải tạo) took place after that.
22:02 He found that two large glass windows (cửa sổ) on the east wall had been removed and filled in (lấp đầy) by the time da Vinci started work on his painting, leaving a space big enough for it.
22:15Emily But why hasn't the painting been seen for 400 years?
22:19Josh Mm-hmm.
22:19 To answer that question, Seracini needed to study that wall even more closely.
22:26Emily Did he use the thermographic camera again?
22:28Josh No, this time he used another kind of technology, radar.
22:33Emily And what did that show?
22:35Josh It showed there were in fact two walls there, an older one and a newer one built in front of it.
22:42Emily So does Seracini believe that da Vinci's painting is on the concealed (che giấu) wall?
22:47Josh Yes, on a stone wall concealed (che giấu) by the newer brick wall.
22:52Emily So, what's the next stage in the investigation?
22:56Josh Well, he isn't allowed to remove any plaster (thạch cao) or bricks (gạch), so he's now experimenting (thử nghiệm) with a gamma-ray camera (máy ảnh tia gamma) to try and verify (xác minh) his theory (lý thuyết).
23:05Emily Well, I think we've got some really strong examples there of how science can help art.
23:11 Let's see if we can type up an outline (dàn ý).
23:17Narrator That is the end of Section 3.
23:20 You now have half a minute to check your answers.
Từ vựng · 32 từ
forensic scientistnhà khoa học pháp y
abstract paintingstranh trừu tượng
fakegiả
untrained eyemắt không chuyên
intricatephức tạp
authenticxác thực
evidencebằng chứng
genuinethật
previous ownerschủ sở hữu trước
tracetruy tìm
studioxưởng vẽ
verdictphán quyết
definite similaritysự tương đồng rõ rệt
acrylic paintsơn acrylic
unusualbất thường
combinationsự kết hợp
masterpiecekiệt tác
analystnhà phân tích
theorylý thuyết
lasertia la-de
accuratechính xác
3D modelmô hình 3D
renovationssự cải tạo
windowscửa sổ
filled inlấp đầy
concealedche giấu
plasterthạch cao
bricksgạch
experimentingthử nghiệm
gamma-ray cameramáy ảnh tia gamma
verifyxác minh
outlinedàn ý
Section 4
50 dòng · 2 người nói · 40 từ vựng
23:53Narrator Now turn to Section 4 on page seven.
23:58 Section 4.
24:00 You will hear a lecturer talking on the topic of sustainability (sự bền vững).
24:05 First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40 on page seven.
24:50 Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
25:07Lecturer This week's lecture on a scientific topic of current general interest is on sustainability (sự bền vững).
25:14 The term sustainability (sự bền vững) is not new.
25:17 It was first coined (được đặt ra) in 1987 in a report for the United Nations World Commission (ủy ban) on Environment (môi trường) and Development (sự phát triển).
25:25 Since then, however, the term has been applied to everything from cars to agriculture and even economics.
25:33 My specific focus, in fact, derives from this problem.
25:37 I want to analyze what seems to me to be the confusion (sự nhầm lẫn) that surrounds (bao quanh) sustainability (sự bền vững).
25:44 That UN document defined sustainable development (sự phát triển) as development (sự phát triển) that allows both the present and all future generations (thế hệ) to meet their needs.
25:55 Here is the first myth (huyền thoại/điều lầm tưởng).
25:57 Sustainability (sự bền vững) is not simply about the environment (môi trường), which may come as a surprise to you.
26:03 In fact, the original definition says nothing about it at all.
26:09 Sustainability (sự bền vững) is not about protecting the world around us.
26:13 The original focus was on finding ways to help poor nations catch up with richer nations.
26:20 Which primarily meant giving them similar rights to natural renewable resources (tài nguyên tái tạo), water, food, energy.
26:27 The things that many of us take for granted.
26:30 The consequence and ultimate goal was improving living standards for all.
26:36 Another myth (huyền thoại/điều lầm tưởng) is that sustainability (sự bền vững) is a synonym (từ đồng nghĩa) for green, as in green movement, green products, etc.
26:45 Although there is some overlap between the terms, green suggests a preference (sự ưa thích) for natural living (lối sống tự nhiên), for example, when you go shopping.
26:55 Products marketed (được tiếp thị) as green imply the absence of high technology and mass manufacturing (sản xuất hàng loạt) processes.
27:04 Those groups who campaign (chiến dịch) for sustainability (sự bền vững), we can call them the lobby (nhóm vận động hành lang) for sustainability (sự bền vững), acknowledge (thừa nhận) that the situation is desperate (tuyệt vọng).
27:15 The main problem they state correctly is time.
27:20 With six billion people on the planet now and a billion more expected in the next 30 years, only technology will be able to provide everyone with an acceptable and safe lifestyle.
27:34 Electric cars, wind turbines and solar cells are key examples of this.
27:41 They make great use of renewable resources (tài nguyên tái tạo) while emitting (phát ra) fewer noxious chemicals (hóa chất độc hại).
27:47 Nuclear power (năng lượng hạt nhân), too, is something the sustainability (sự bền vững) lobby (nhóm vận động hành lang) has come to accept, unlike most greens.
28:00 And here's the third myth (huyền thoại/điều lầm tưởng).
28:02 It concerns the role of technology (vai trò của công nghệ).
28:05 Technology is not rejected as evil, but we should not overemphasize (nhấn mạnh quá mức) the role of technology (vai trò của công nghệ) either.
28:13 Take electric cars, for example.
28:16 Researchers are currently working on plans to electrify the world's car fleet (đội xe ô tô).
28:22 New technology is currently being developed to make better batteries giving longer performance.
28:29 But a better way of thinking is perhaps to have battery stations (trạm pin) for drivers to use on roads.
28:35 When the battery is getting low, they simply swap (trao đổi) the old one for a fully charged (sạc đầy) one.
28:41 In other words, new business thinking (tư duy kinh doanh), not new technology for a sustainable future.
28:49 There are similarities (sự tương đồng) in agriculture where knowledge (kiến thức) can be more productive (năng suất) than new technology.
28:55 Agriculture consumes (tiêu thụ) up about three-quarters of the world's water.
29:00 Some crops are very thirsty (khát nước) and require a lot of water.
29:04 So many farmers who believe in sustainability (sự bền vững) are now planting crops like sunflowers and wheat (lúa mì) instead of corn (ngô), which are happy with much less water.
29:16 In terms of water consumption (sự tiêu thụ), one of the biggest problems is that our diet (chế độ ăn) is changing.
29:22 As countries develop and people become richer, they aspire (khao khát) to a diet (chế độ ăn) with more meat.
29:28 Now, admittedly, most of the new births that will take our population to over six billion are going to be born in countries with largely vegetarian (ăn chay) diets.
29:39 However, most of them will be born in the city, and this is where water consumption (sự tiêu thụ) is highest.
29:47 That introduces the topic for next week's lecture, and we will be discussing...
29:55Narrator That is the end of Section 4.
29:57 You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Từ vựng · 40 từ
sustainabilitysự bền vững
coinedđược đặt ra
Commissionủy ban
Environmentmôi trường
Developmentsự phát triển
confusionsự nhầm lẫn
surroundsbao quanh
generationsthế hệ
mythhuyền thoại/điều lầm tưởng
renewable resourcestài nguyên tái tạo
synonymtừ đồng nghĩa
preferencesự ưa thích
natural livinglối sống tự nhiên
marketedđược tiếp thị
mass manufacturingsản xuất hàng loạt
campaignchiến dịch
lobbynhóm vận động hành lang
acknowledgethừa nhận
desperatetuyệt vọng
emittingphát ra
noxious chemicalshóa chất độc hại
Nuclear powernăng lượng hạt nhân
role of technologyvai trò của công nghệ
overemphasizenhấn mạnh quá mức
car fleetđội xe ô tô
battery stationstrạm pin
swaptrao đổi
fully chargedsạc đầy
business thinkingtư duy kinh doanh
similaritiessự tương đồng
knowledgekiến thức
productivenăng suất
consumestiêu thụ
thirstykhát nước
wheatlúa mì
cornngô
consumptionsự tiêu thụ
dietchế độ ăn
aspirekhao khát
vegetarianăn chay