Section 1
118 dòng · 3 người nói · 11 từ vựng
00:02Narrator Section one.
00:04 You will hear a man telephoning to ask for information about swimming lessons.
00:10 First, you have some time to look at questions one to six on page two.
00:45 You will see that there is an example that has been done for you.
00:50 On this occasion only, the conversation relating to this will be played first.
00:59Woman Hello, City Swim School.
01:02Man Oh, hello. Uh, I wanted to ask about swimming lessons.
01:06 That's in a class, not individual (cá nhân).
01:08Woman Right.
01:09 Well, we do group lessons at various levels.
01:13 To start off with, we have what we call the water babies class.
01:19Narrator The first class is called Water Babies.
01:25 So, babies has been written in the space.
01:29 Now we shall begin.
01:32 You should answer the questions as you listen
01:34 because you will not hear the recording a second time.
01:39 Listen carefully and answer questions one to six.
01:46Woman Hello, City Swim School.
01:48Man Oh, hello. Uh, I wanted to ask about swimming lessons.
01:53 That's in a class, not individual (cá nhân).
01:55Woman Right.
01:56 Well, we do group lessons at various levels.
02:00 To start off with, we have what we call the water babies class.
02:05 That's for babies of three months and over.
02:08Man Really? As young as that?
02:09Woman Yes, that's really the best time to start.
02:13Man Right.
02:14 Well, we do have a baby, so I'll make a note of that.
02:18 Um, what do they actually do in the lessons?
02:22Woman Well, the main aim is just to familiarize (làm quen) them with the water
02:25 so they feel at ease there.
02:27 They get the children to enjoy themselves.
02:30 They have lots of toys and things they can use to play with in the water.
02:35Man Right.
02:36 And how much do the lessons cost?
02:38Woman They're held on Tuesday mornings
02:41 and each lesson costs three pounds 80.
02:45 It's not really a course as such.
02:48Man Okay.
02:49 Well, I'll talk to my wife about that.
02:52 Uh, but I was actually ringing about lessons for me.
02:56Woman Okay.
02:57 So, are you a beginner?
02:59Man Not exactly, but I'm not very good.
03:02Woman Well, the beginners' classes are really for people who don't have any experience of swimming.
03:08 They aim to teach you techniques for breathing in the water
03:11 and they get you to do things like put your head under water and open your eyes.
03:16Man Okay.
03:16 I can do that.
03:18Woman And by the end of the course,
03:20 they aim to have you swimming five meters.
03:23Man I think I can probably just about do that.
03:27Woman Okay, so you'd be better in the intermediate (trung cấp) class then.
03:32 That's where you learn the main swimming strokes (kiểu bơi).
03:35 Front stroke (kiểu bơi), back stroke (kiểu bơi), and so on.
03:38Man What about diving?
03:40Woman Yes, they'd teach you how to do that.
03:43 And you'd also do some underwater swimming.
03:46Man Not with a tank or anything?
03:48Woman Oh, no, not scuba, just ordinary underwater swimming.
03:54 And in the intermediate (trung cấp) course, you also look at water safety,
03:58 both in the pool and when swimming in other places.
04:02Man Okay.
04:04 Well, that sounds the right level for me, I think.
04:07 So, how much does that cost?
04:09Woman Sixty-one pounds for a course, that's 10 lessons.
04:13Man Can you tell me a bit more about the class?
04:15 How many people would there be in it?
04:18Woman Well, the intermediate (trung cấp) class is usually around eight to 10.
04:22 That's what we aim at,
04:23 though occasionally it might go up to 12.
04:26Man Okay.
04:27 That sounds quite a reasonable size.
04:29 Not too many.
04:31 And the class is for adults, is it?
04:34Woman Yes.
04:35Man Okay.
04:36 And just out of interest, is there an advanced class?
04:39Woman Yes, they focus on developing more efficient swimming techniques
04:44 and on working on your speed,
04:46 and they also prepare you for competitive (thi đấu) swimming.
04:49Man Okay.
04:51 No, uh, I think I'd want to start with the intermediate (trung cấp) one really.
04:58Narrator Before you hear the rest of the conversation,
05:01 you have some time to look at questions seven to 10 on page three.
05:26 Now listen and answer questions seven to 10.
05:33Man Now, is there anything special I need to know?
05:37Woman Well, the classes are on Tuesdays,
05:39 and the first lesson is on January the 13th.
05:43 So, you need to register (đăng ký) before then.
05:46 January the 8th is the latest,
05:48 but it's filling up quickly, so I'd do it straight away.
05:52 You can pick up a form here or get one off the internet.
05:55 And classes are at 7:30 p.m.
05:58Man Right.
06:00 Then I just roll up with my swimming trunks.
06:02 Do I have to bring my own towel?
06:04Woman That's right.
06:05 We provide all participants (người tham gia) with a swimming hat though.
06:09Man Oh.
06:10 I don't usually wear one.
06:12Woman Well, we do insist (nhấn mạnh) on it, actually.
06:14 It helps the instructor to identify (nhận dạng) you, apart from anything else.
06:19 Oh, and don't forget you need a 20p coin for the locker.
06:23Man Oh, okay.
06:24 Right.
06:25 Well, I've been meaning to do this for ages.
06:28 I really need to get some more exercise
06:30 and everyone says swimming is good for your health.
06:33Woman Yes, and a lot of people find it improves their confidence (sự tự tin) too,
06:37 and of course, it could save your life or even someone else's.
06:42Man That's right.
06:43 Okay.
06:43 Well, thanks very much.
06:45Woman Goodbye.
06:46Man Goodbye.
06:50Narrator That is the end of section one.
06:52 You now have half a minute to check your answers.
Từ vựng · 11 từ
individualcá nhân
familiarizelàm quen
intermediatetrung cấp
strokeskiểu bơi
strokekiểu bơi
competitivethi đấu
registerđăng ký
participantsngười tham gia
insistnhấn mạnh
identifynhận dạng
confidencesự tự tin
Section 2
142 dòng · 2 người nói · 17 từ vựng
07:05Narrator Section two.
07:06 You hear a talk by a counselor (cố vấn) from the University of New South Wales,
07:10 who will introduce some useful facilities (cơ sở vật chất) and services on the campus.
07:15 First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 15.
07:44 Now, listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 15.
07:51Woman Hello, everyone, and welcome to the University of New South Wales.
07:56 The first thing I'd like to do at today's orientation (định hướng) session is get you all oriented (định hướng).
08:01 That means tell you the location of some useful facilities (cơ sở vật chất) and services.
08:06 So, first of all, take out the maps we gave you all as you came in the door.
08:10 The map is the big yellow sheet of paper.
08:13 As you can see on the map, north is at the top,
08:15 south at the bottom, etc.
08:18 Which way is north?
08:19 Well, look through that window on my left, your right.
08:23 See the rising sun?
08:24 That would have to be east.
08:26 So, north must be directly behind me.
08:29 Now, we are at the campus main gate.
08:32 The recreational (giải trí) facilities (cơ sở vật chất) are on my right hand,
08:35 and its opposite is the student center.
08:38 No questions?
08:39 Good.
08:40 Pretty easy, right?
08:42 Okay.
08:42 Did everyone eat breakfast at the student food service this morning?
08:46 Was the food good?
08:48 Yes, yes, I am joking.
08:50 I've eaten there, too.
08:52 So, after a meal like that, you must be eager (háo hức) to go to a doctor, right?
08:57 Well, I have good news for you.
08:59 The student health center is located about half a kilometer straight north of here.
09:04 Look on your maps.
09:06 You see the street on the east side of this building,
09:09 Ned Kelly Avenue?
09:10 Just follow that about 500 meters,
09:13 and the health center will be on your left at the third cross street.
09:18 Now, I know you all just got here.
09:21 So, you must be wondering how to tell your folks you've arrived safely.
09:25 How much you miss the dog,
09:26 and how you already need more money.
09:29 If you don't have an iPhone,
09:31 you probably are wondering where to find a computer.
09:34 Well, I have good news.
09:36 If you go straight out of its door
09:38 and walk down the garden street,
09:40 you'll see the internet unit on your left side,
09:44 just next to the gym.
09:45 The hours are posted on the door,
09:47 and the computers are free,
09:49 but you must bring your student ID card with you.
09:52 Like I tell everyone,
09:53 if you need help with anything,
09:55 you can probably find it right here in the student center.
09:59 Do you see the four buildings there
10:00 between the student center and the library?
10:03 Those are the dormitories (ký túc xá).
10:05 The men's dorms (ký túc xá) are the two on the south.
10:07 The women's, the two on the north.
10:09 Okay, I'm sorry to have to tell you,
10:12 but the university has been doing a lot of repairs and remodeling (sửa chữa),
10:15 and it's not all done yet.
10:18 So, there may be some small problems with your dorm (ký túc xá) rooms.
10:21 Maybe the window doesn't open.
10:23 Maybe an air conditioner is missing or does not work.
10:27 If there are any problems, you can go to the complaint (khiếu nại) office,
10:30 which is right beside the teaching building
10:33 between the Parker Street and the Kramer Street.
10:36 Just tell them your problem,
10:38 and they should have it fixed by the time you graduate in four years.
10:42 I'm joking, but please be patient.
10:45 There are a lot of little things they need to take care of.
10:49 Tired of the school food?
10:51 No?
10:51 Give it a week.
10:53 Or maybe you just need a place to get coffee in the wee hours of the night
10:57 during one of those marathon (dài hơi) study sessions.
11:00 Either way,
11:01 you definitely have to check out the little cafe just past the women's dormitories (ký túc xá).
11:07 They've got free Wi-Fi,
11:08 so a lot of students saddle up with coffee and a bagel for hours on end to get work done.
11:17Narrator Before you hear the rest of the talk,
11:19 you have some time to look at questions 16 to 20.
11:49 Now listen and answer questions 16 to 20.
11:55Woman As for the dorm (ký túc xá) rooms,
11:57 I have some bad news and some good news (tin xấu và tin tốt).
12:01 The bad news is the rooms are small,
12:03 and you'll probably be sharing space with at least three other students.
12:08 The good news is that each room has its own bathroom.
12:12 What's good about sharing a bathroom with three strangers?
12:16 Hm, good question.
12:18 Okay, call it bad news and worse news.
12:22 Hey, maybe try this for good news.
12:25 Each dorm (ký túc xá) has a kitchen.
12:27 If you want to make snacks or meals,
12:30 you can do it there.
12:31 You can buy food containers at any campus convenience store,
12:35 so you can store your food in the kitchen.
12:38 But a word of warning,
12:40 you should definitely write your name on your food containers.
12:44 Sad to say,
12:45 there are food thieves among your fellow students.
12:49 Speaking of thieves, a word about security (an ninh).
12:53 I mean, this is Australia,
12:55 and we do get drunken bushrangers wandering onto campus.
13:00 Each of you will be given a key for your dorm (ký túc xá) room.
13:03 Don't lose it.
13:05 You have to pay for any replacement
13:07 and fill out a bunch of papers too.
13:10 Red tape, huh?
13:12 Your key does not work for the front door of your dorm (ký túc xá), however.
13:16 To the right of each door,
13:18 there's a keypad with numbers.
13:21 When you move in,
13:22 they will tell you the code you use to enter the door.
13:26 Please do not tell the code to people who do not live in the dorm (ký túc xá).
13:31 Let's see.
13:33 Have I forgotten anything?
13:35 Oh, yes.
13:36 Most of you are not rich, correct?
13:39 So, when your clothes get dirty,
13:41 you can't just throw them away and buy new ones.
13:45 That means you have to learn to do laundry (giặt ủi).
13:48 Or, men,
13:49 that means you have to hurry up and get married.
13:52 If you decide to wash those clothes and not get married,
13:57 there are laundries (tiệm giặt ủi) in each dorm (ký túc xá).
13:59 Where?
14:00 Oh, I almost forgot to tell you.
14:03 The laundry (tiệm giặt ủi) for each dorm (ký túc xá) is in the basement (tầng hầm).
14:07 Some real good news this time if you're a student,
14:09 it is free.
14:11 You do have to buy your own soap, however.
14:15 The laundry (tiệm giặt ủi) closes, by the by, at 11:30.
14:20 And now that I've mentioned 11:30,
14:22 please remember, the dorm (ký túc xá) doors are locked at 11:30 p.m.
14:27 Your code will not work.
14:30 If you want to get in, you'll have to call the night watchman.
14:34 Don't worry,
14:34 you can get that number at the dorm (ký túc xá) office.
14:37 Yes, the dorm (ký túc xá) office and the complaint (khiếu nại) office are the same office.
14:43 All right, then.
14:44 Before we continue, are there any questions?
Từ vựng · 17 từ
counselorcố vấn
facilitiescơ sở vật chất
orientationđịnh hướng
orientedđịnh hướng
recreationalgiải trí
eagerháo hức
dormitorieský túc xá
dormský túc xá
remodelingsửa chữa
dormký túc xá
complaintkhiếu nại
marathondài hơi
bad news and some good newstin xấu và tin tốt
securityan ninh
laundrygiặt ủi
laundriestiệm giặt ủi
basementtầng hầm
Section 3
108 dòng · 3 người nói · 16 từ vựng
15:27Narrator Part three.
15:29 You will hear two students, called Shona and Peter,
15:34 discussing their internship (thực tập) options.
15:37 First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 25.
16:33 Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 25.
16:42Peter Hi, Shona.
16:43Shona Hi, Peter.
16:44 Have you made up your mind about which internship (thực tập) program to apply for?
16:49Peter Yes, pretty much.
16:51Shona I'm entirely at a loss.
16:53 I mean, there are so many good ones.
16:56 Can you give me some tips?
16:58Peter Sure.
17:00Shona What is your top priority (ưu tiên) when weighing up these programs?
17:05Peter Well, I guess I'd go for ones that can help me with the skill set I lack for my future career.
17:11 I still need a lot of practical (thực tế) training in dealing with statistics (thống kê).
17:16 But keep in mind that you don't want to set your goal too grand,
17:21 like drawing up a business plan.
17:23 You might end up nowhere.
17:25Shona I see.
17:26 So, I want to learn how to organize ideas and present them.
17:31Peter Good.
17:32 Now you've nailed step one.
17:34Shona Now what?
17:36Peter You must also consider your strengths for a suitable internship (thực tập) program.
17:41 Otherwise, you might get rejected or end up with one that you are incapable of doing.
17:47Shona But I have no idea what I'm good at.
17:51Peter Communicate with people around you or whom you've worked with.
17:55 That's what I did.
17:57 I thought I was a good team leader,
17:59 but many people I've worked with for various projects mentioned something else.
18:04 They admire that I could work around the clock to finish projects on time.
18:09 And indeed, I'm more focused and perform better when I'm pushed for time.
18:15Shona Good point.
18:16 So, what do you plan to do next?
18:19Peter I'll visit the careers officer to help me with the school application form.
18:24 You know, the one we have to submit before applying to companies.
18:28Shona But it is unnecessary to fill it in.
18:31 It's only optional.
18:33Peter Really?
18:34 I'm glad I heard from you.
18:36 Then I'll ask the careers officer to look at my personal statement (bài luận cá nhân)
18:40 and give me some tips on polishing it up.
18:43Shona Don't you need help with your CV (sơ yếu lý lịch)?
18:46Peter No, I'm good.
18:48 I have already learned to write it in class.
18:51Shona That's good.
18:52 So, what kind of company did you choose?
18:55Peter I've decided to apply for an IT company.
18:59Shona Why is that?
19:01Peter Well, even though I've learned how the IT industry developed in the past
19:05 from different lectures,
19:07 I know nothing about its latest trends.
19:10 I'm prepared to work in an IT company and fill in the information gap.
19:15Shona I see.
19:16 What do you plan to do next term?
19:19Peter I think I'll stick to most of the optional modules I've chosen.
19:24 But regarding the language sessions,
19:26 I'm doing poorly in Japanese.
19:28 I'd better drop it before wasting more time.
19:32 I think I'll learn Spanish instead.
19:35Shona Oh, I learned Spanish for a year.
19:38 I think you'll find it interesting.
19:42Narrator Before you hear the rest of the conversation,
19:45 you have some time to look at questions 26 to 30.
20:30 Now listen and answer questions 26 to 30.
20:37Shona Do you know what job opportunities these companies offer interns?
20:42Peter I've searched online and browsed some of the schemes.
20:46 Do you know SAIC?
20:48Shona Yes, I heard they offer internship (thực tập) positions dealing with customer interaction (tương tác) management.
20:55 But I'm not quite sure what that means.
20:58Peter Well, the position offers the chance to become fully aware of customer value
21:03 and keep in touch with customers to keep them highly engaged and satisfied.
21:09 These include activities such as PR, communications, marketing, and customer service.
21:16Shona Sounds like loads of work to do.
21:19 What about Gemini Technologies?
21:22Peter It's an IT consulting (tư vấn) company.
21:25 Although many employees say it's stressful working there,
21:29 I want to apply for this one.
21:31Shona Why is that?
21:33Peter Actually, the company provides service to improve software architecture (kiến trúc).
21:38 But that's pretty demanding, as a team of software engineers has to provide detailed analysis and suggestions
21:46 for required changes before the deadline.
21:49 As an observer and participant of a particular project,
21:53 an intern can learn how to work to a strict deadline.
21:57Shona That's not my area of expertise.
22:00 But I'm sure you'll excel at this.
22:03Peter I certainly do hope so.
22:05 Have you checked out Deloitte?
22:08Shona Of course, that's a renowned (nổi tiếng) accounting (kế toán) firm.
22:11 And thus, its internships (thực tập) offer excellent learning experiences in this regard.
22:18 You know, things like examining a company's financial statements (báo cáo tài chính),
22:23 the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.
22:29 I want to give it a try, but I might get rejected.
22:32 So, I need a backup plan (kế hoạch dự phòng).
22:34 Have you read anything about Kearney?
22:37Peter Yes, it is another consulting (tư vấn) firm.
22:40 It provides opportunities to reach out to other business partners and pay attention to networking (kết nối mạng lưới).
22:47Shona Well, that sounds interesting.
22:50Peter I'm thinking about Vortex, but I haven't got anything useful from its website.
22:55Shona I worked there last summer.
22:57 It's an international company with headquarters in Spain.
23:02 So, most of the managers here speak Spanish.
23:05 Thanks to the internship (thực tập) experience, I became fluent (trôi chảy) in it.
23:10Peter Right.
23:10 That's not for me.
23:15Narrator That is the end of part three.
23:18 You now have half a minute to check your answers to part three.
Từ vựng · 16 từ
internshipthực tập
priorityưu tiên
practicalthực tế
statisticsthống kê
personal statementbài luận cá nhân
CVsơ yếu lý lịch
interactiontương tác
consultingtư vấn
architecturekiến trúc
renownednổi tiếng
accountingkế toán
internshipsthực tập
financial statementsbáo cáo tài chính
backup plankế hoạch dự phòng
networkingkết nối mạng lưới
fluenttrôi chảy
Section 4
87 dòng · 2 người nói · 18 từ vựng
23:51Narrator Section four.
23:53 You will hear part of a lecture about oxytocin (oxytocin) and trust (lòng tin).
23:58 First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
24:53 Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
25:00Lecturer The development of trust (lòng tin) is an essential (thiết yếu) social tool,
25:04 allowing people to form productive and meaningful relationships,
25:07 both at a professional and personal level.
25:10 Trust (Lòng tin) is indispensable (không thể thiếu) in friendship, love, families, and organizations,
25:16 and plays a key role in economic exchange and politics.
25:19 Much recent evidence indicates that trust (lòng tin) contributes to economic, political, and social success.
25:27 When we make contacts with strangers,
25:29 such as doing business with a client who we meet for the first time,
25:32 our trust (lòng tin) in them can only rely on their kindness.
25:36 So, from our own judgment or the comments from other people,
25:40 we can have a rough idea if the stranger is trustworthy.
25:43 Trust (Lòng tin) is important because it is the basis around which all human relationships evolve.
25:49 Without trust (lòng tin), there can be no relationship.
25:52 Trust (Lòng tin) can come naturally, or it can be manifested.
25:56 If you find trust (lòng tin) of this magnitude in life,
25:59 then you are lucky.
26:01 Also, you can always count on them to protect through all,
26:05 if not most, of life's perils.
26:07 Trust (Lòng tin) is important because if you don't trust (tin) someone,
26:10 then they are not available.
26:12 Believe it or not,
26:13 reducing the chance of suffering from poverty is to understand trust (lòng tin)
26:17 because when you trust (tin) other people,
26:19 you can have more support and resources.
26:23 However, our ability to trust (tin) others varies from individual (cá nhân) to individual (cá nhân),
26:27 just like different people's ability of recognizing a person's face is not the same.
26:32 Bonds of trust (lòng tin) are also extremely fragile.
26:35 A single act of betrayal (sự phản bội), such as a marital affair,
26:39 can instantly erase years of trustworthy behavior.
26:42 The consequences of such breaches in confidence can be disastrous
26:46 and not only for a relationship.
26:49 The study demonstrates how oxytocin (oxytocin) can facilitate (tạo điều kiện) social interactions (tương tác)
26:53 after trust (lòng tin) has been violated (vi phạm),
26:55 by potentially lowering defense mechanisms (cơ chế phòng vệ)
26:57 associated with social risks
26:59 and by overcoming (vượt qua) negative feedback
27:01 that is important for adapting behavior in the future.
27:05 Luckily, oxytocin (oxytocin) in our body has the ability to inspire trust (lòng tin) in and among people.
27:11 This chemical is released whenever interaction (tương tác) happens between people.
27:20 To study social interactions (tương tác),
27:22 economists and more recently neuroscientists
27:25 take advantage of a simple experiment.
27:28 Two participants play the so-called trust (lòng tin) game.
27:31 The first participant is faced with the decision to keep a sum of money or share it with the second participant,
27:37 who has no obligation to give the money back.
27:40 He would get more money if the second person returns it.
27:44 In this game, the first person is left with an important social dilemma (tình thế tiến thoái lưỡng nan),
27:48 to trust (tin) or not to trust (tin).
27:51 Although it is more profitable to trust (tin),
27:53 doing so leaves the investor at risk of betrayal (sự phản bội).
27:57 Trust (Lòng tin) is not something that naturally occurs when two people meet for the first time.
28:02 It involves a process.
28:05 One person has to show the quality of being trustworthy to the other person.
28:10 This can be achieved by certain behaviors and communication.
28:13 Therefore, trust (lòng tin) is conditional (có điều kiện).
28:16 People should not take it for granted.
28:19 Oxytocin (Oxytocin) does not only exist in human beings.
28:22 Animals also have this gift,
28:24 and it can be seen when they have cooperation with each other.
28:27 Oxytocin (Oxytocin) in monkeys, for example,
28:29 allow them to work together to find food and to fight against enemies.
28:34 The Nash equilibrium's game theory.
28:36 The first participant will make the best decision he can,
28:39 with no expectations that the second participant would change his decision.
28:44 The second participant will do the same.
28:46 So, the outcome depends on the decision of the other person.
28:50 This game is similar to the one we just talked about.
28:54 The oxytocin (oxytocin) level doesn't stay the same in a person's body.
28:58 Studies have found that people who are under a lot of stress would have higher levels of oxytocin (oxytocin).
29:04 Oxytocin (Oxytocin) causes a substantial (đáng kể) increase in trust (lòng tin) among humans,
29:08 thereby greatly increasing the benefits from social interactions (tương tác).
29:13 It's also noted that the effect of oxytocin (oxytocin) on trust (lòng tin) is not due to a general increase in the readiness (sự sẵn sàng) to bear risks.
29:20 On the contrary, oxytocin (oxytocin) specifically affects an individual's willingness to accept social risks
29:25 arising through interpersonal (liên cá nhân) interactions (tương tác).
29:28 To sum up, oxytocin (oxytocin) is like a kind of social glue
29:32 that is helpful in social bonding.
29:35 Further research is needed to explore oxytocin (oxytocin) and trust (lòng tin)
29:38 and how this hormone can be used to strengthen our trust (lòng tin) in others
29:41 and even treat mental disorders that specifically relate to deficiencies (sự thiếu hụt) in social behavior.
29:48 Next, we're going to talk about...
29:53Narrator That is the end of section four.
29:56 You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Từ vựng · 18 từ
oxytocinoxytocin
trustlòng tin
essentialthiết yếu
indispensablekhông thể thiếu
individualcá nhân
betrayalsự phản bội
facilitatetạo điều kiện
interactionstương tác
violatedvi phạm
defense mechanismscơ chế phòng vệ
overcomingvượt qua
interactiontương tác
dilemmatình thế tiến thoái lưỡng nan
conditionalcó điều kiện
substantialđáng kể
readinesssự sẵn sàng
interpersonalliên cá nhân
deficienciessự thiếu hụt