Section 1
82 dòng · 3 người nói · 0 từ vựng
00:01Narrator You will hear two friends choosing a campsite (khu cắm trại) together for their holiday with their families.
00:07 First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 5.
00:37 Now listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 5.
00:45Woman Shall we have a look at this information about campsites (khu cắm trại)?
00:48 And then perhaps we can choose where to go on holiday.
00:51Man Yes.
00:52 My children are very excited about our two families going away together again this year.
00:58Woman Hmm.
00:59 Shall we look at the Westerly campsite (khu cắm trại) first?
01:01Man Yes.
01:02 It says it's most suitable (phù hợp) for children under 12 years old.
01:06 So that should be fine for us.
01:08 Your daughter's just 11, isn't she?
01:11Woman Mm, yes, that's right.
01:13 Now where is the Westerly campsite (khu cắm trại)?
01:17Man Is it the one next to a lake?
01:19Woman That's another one.
01:20 This one's by the sea.
01:22 Perfect.
01:23Man Yes.
01:24 That's a good place to go in the summer when the weather's hot.
01:28Woman This brochure (tờ rơi) says that most children who go to Westerly campsite (khu cắm trại) love the animals (động vật) they can see there.
01:35 There's a special area (khu vực đặc biệt) where they can go and feed (cho ăn) them.
01:38Man We might see some interesting (thú vị) birds too.
01:41Woman Mmm.
01:41Man Oh, and look, it says a farmer comes every day and you can buy eggs (trứng) from him.
01:48Woman Great for breakfast.
01:49 I wonder if he sells other things like cheese, but it's not mentioned (được đề cập).
01:55Man I don't know.
01:57 I think they grow a lot of fruit in that area, so he might sell that.
02:02Woman Hmm.
02:02 Another thing I like about this campsite (khu cắm trại) is that they let you make a fire.
02:07 We could cook some sausages (xúc xích) and sing songs around it in the evenings.
02:11Man And perhaps it would be a good way to meet other families there too.
02:16Woman Great.
02:17 And it isn't too expensive (đắt).
02:20 Six pounds per adult (người lớn) per night.
02:23 Three pounds per child (trẻ em).
02:25Man But wait, families of four can get it for 15 pounds 75 a night.
02:33 That works out even cheaper (rẻ hơn).
02:38Narrator Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 6 to 10.
03:10 Now listen and answer questions 6 to 10.
03:17Man Let's look at a couple of other campsites (khu cắm trại) before we decide (quyết định).
03:20Woman Yes.
03:22 Let's look at Snetton Forest campsite (khu cắm trại).
03:24Man Mmm.
03:25 It's even cheaper (rẻ hơn).
03:26 Five pounds per adult (người lớn) and children under 10 are free.
03:31Woman Oh.
03:31Man They say it's a very good place if you're keen on (thích) fishing (câu cá).
03:35 And they even give you tips on where to go to have the best chance of catching some.
03:41Woman Mmm, I prefer walking or hiking (đi bộ đường dài) and so do the rest of my family, so I'm not sure that will attract (thu hút) us that much.
03:50Man Oh look, it says you can rent a bike (thuê xe đạp) to go around the forest (rừng).
03:55Woman I'd do that.
03:57 And your children would like that too, wouldn't they?
03:59Man Absolutely.
04:01 We could all go somewhere and have a picnic (dã ngoại).
04:05Woman Look, this is interesting (thú vị) too.
04:07 At Snetton, they get all the children together to play football (bóng đá).
04:12Man Oh.
04:12Woman Your children would love that.
04:14Man And your husband (chồng), Mike, plays too, doesn't he?
04:17Woman Yes, that sounds good.
04:19 Well, Mike's more into tennis actually, but I'm sure he'd be happy to be a referee (trọng tài) if they needed one.
04:26Man Here's some information about Trent Valley campsite (khu cắm trại).
04:31 I've heard about this one.
04:32 There's a festival (lễ hội) near the campsite (khu cắm trại) in June and it's really busy (bận rộn).
04:37 So they say for families it's better in July when it's a bit quieter (yên tĩnh hơn).
04:41Woman Well, that would be just right for us because we have to go in the school summer holidays.
04:48 Mmm.
04:48Man Let's look at what it says about it.
04:52 Oh look, it's quite a long way to the nearest village (làng).
04:57 Eight kilometers.
04:58 It's too far to walk.
05:00Woman But this one has got an open-air pool (bể bơi ngoài trời), which we'd all love in the summer.
05:05 And they have a little shop where you can buy basic things (những thứ cơ bản) like bread and milk.
05:10Man That's really useful (hữu ích).
05:12Woman Mmm.
05:13 And there's lots to do there.
05:15Man I think on Saturday nights...
05:21Narrator That is the end of part one.
05:24 You now have one minute to check your answers to part one.
Section 2
60 dòng · 2 người nói · 0 từ vựng
06:27Narrator You will hear a radio program (chương trình radio) about starting a business (khởi nghiệp).
06:33 First you have some time to look at questions 11 to 16.
07:08 Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 16.
07:16Arthur Jones Good evening. My name is Arthur Jones.
07:18 I'm very glad to have this opportunity (cơ hội) to speak to you over the radio.
07:22 The host asked me to give a talk about my experience (kinh nghiệm) of starting my own business (khởi nghiệp).
07:27 I can't say my business is successful (thành công), but there are some things that I want to share with you, which I think will be helpful if you want to start your own company.
07:37 I've talked to many young people, and they told me that they are afraid (sợ) of making mistakes (lỗi lầm) when they start their business.
07:43 What I want to say is that mistakes (lỗi lầm) are very common (phổ biến), especially when you do something new.
07:49 Mistakes (lỗi lầm) can actually show you where you need to improve (cải thiện), so you can take actions (hành động) about them and use the chance to learn new methods (phương pháp).
07:57 This is a very important (quan trọng) attitude (thái độ) you should have.
08:00 Besides, most mistakes (lỗi lầm) are not that fatal (chí mạng, gây tử vong).
08:03 Don't be too anxious (lo lắng) when they occur (xảy ra).
08:06 Next, I want to go on to talk about self-confidence (sự tự tin), which is quite important (quan trọng) in achieving (đạt được) business success.
08:13 Being self-confident means that you can have faith (niềm tin) in yourself and what you do.
08:18 Self-confidence (sự tự tin) can be gained through hard work, even playing sports.
08:22 However, sometimes self-confidence (sự tự tin) may make you ignore (phớt lờ) problems and even cause failure (thất bại).
08:28 Business leaders (nhà lãnh đạo doanh nghiệp) should remain calm and not take impulsive (bốc đồng) actions (hành động).
08:33 I know that when people start their business, they have confusions (sự bối rối).
08:37 They don't know how they can be more professional (chuyên nghiệp).
08:40 They read business journals (tạp chí) or watch related (liên quan) videos, but these don't seem to help sometimes.
08:46 My suggestion (gợi ý) is that instead of aimlessly (một cách vô định) trying many new things, they should always be committed (cam kết) to their goal (mục tiêu).
08:53 As long as they stick to it, they will not be easily distracted (bị phân tâm) or confused by other things, and they are sure to get better.
09:02 We will all meet difficulties (khó khăn), especially at the beginning.
09:05 We can't always rely on ourselves to solve (giải quyết) all the problems.
09:09 I had a problem with marketing (tiếp thị) earlier this year.
09:11 Luckily, I found an expert (chuyên gia) to help me deal with (giải quyết) it.
09:14 So there's always a way, but we should know how and when to seek help from these people.
09:21 Business leaders have different kinds of styles (phong cách).
09:23 Some are very good at public speaking (nói trước công chúng), others are very down-to-earth (thực tế) and have strong executive skills (kỹ năng điều hành).
09:30 But in general, they should be able to win the respect (sự tôn trọng) from their employees (nhân viên) so that they can carry out their orders (mệnh lệnh) more easily.
09:38 There are times when a company might face risks (rủi ro).
09:41 During such times, leaders will need to take prompt actions (hành động nhanh chóng), and they can't always plan for distant future (tương lai xa).
09:48 Leaders should analyze (phân tích) and deal with (giải quyết) the risks (rủi ro) with caution (sự thận trọng).
09:51 If they bear this in mind, there is always a way out.
09:57Narrator Before you hear the rest of the radio program (chương trình radio), you have some time to look at questions 17 to 20.
10:24 Now listen and answer questions 17 to 20.
10:30Arthur Jones At the beginning of my business, I experimented with quite a few strategies (chiến lược), hoping to find out the best solution (giải pháp) for my business.
10:37 Here is what I found.
10:39 At first, my company wanted to work out prices for the products and make them realistic (thực tế).
10:45 However, prices are always changing, so they can't be fixed (cố định).
10:49 Another thing I always keep in mind is that leaders must stay committed (cam kết) to their jobs.
10:54 Without enough commitment (sự cam kết), you may easily give up when problems happen.
10:59 I have some friends whose businesses didn't survive (sống sót) during difficult times.
11:03 It wasn't because they were stupid (ngu ngốc), it was just a lack of (sự thiếu hụt) commitment (sự cam kết).
11:08 I can't always be sure that my products or services are better than my competitors' (đối thủ cạnh tranh), but I pay attention to details (chi tiết) and try to improve (cải thiện) all the little things, as they can actually make a big difference (sự khác biệt lớn).
11:20 You might worry that you don't have a very clear and sophisticated (tinh vi, phức tạp) business strategy.
11:25 Personally, I don't think it's a problem because you will be changing them all the time anyway.
11:31 In terms of support (sự hỗ trợ), at any stage, we do need support (sự hỗ trợ) from others to back up our business.
11:37 The support (sự hỗ trợ) can really make a difference.
11:39 Before I started my business, my family helped me a lot, both financially (về mặt tài chính) and mentally (về mặt tinh thần).
11:46 There were also people who gave me advice (lời khuyên) on how to run businesses successfully (thành công).
11:50 However, these advice (lời khuyên) and ideas were not so practical (thực tế) to me, so I didn't really use them.
11:56 Looking back, I felt lucky that I followed my own way of thinking.
12:01 Also, I was short of funds (thiếu vốn) back then, and I loaned money (vay tiền) from the bank to start my company.
12:06 I was grateful (biết ơn) for that.
12:09 That's what I want to share in today's program.
12:12 If you have any questions for me, please send it to my email, which is...
12:18Narrator That is the end of section two.
12:22 You now have half a minute to check your answers.
Section 3
60 dòng · 3 người nói · 0 từ vựng
12:26Narrator You will hear a discussion (cuộc thảo luận) between two students called Mark and Fran about their presentation (bài thuyết trình) on some dolphins (cá heo) which are unique (độc đáo) to New Zealand.
12:37 First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 24 on page 5.
13:14 Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 24.
13:22Fran Hi Mark. Thanks for coming around.
13:24Mark Hi Fran, no problem.
13:26 We need to try and get this presentation (bài thuyết trình) finished (hoàn thành).
13:29Fran Mark, let's start with the way dolphins (cá heo) make sounds.
13:32Mark Well, we all know that dolphins (cá heo) make clicking noises (tiếng lách cách) to communicate (giao tiếp).
13:36Fran Yes, they have tongues (lưỡi) and larynxes (thanh quản) as humans do.
13:40 But what's really strange about the dolphin is that the sounds are focused through an extraordinary (phi thường) organ (cơ quan) called the melon (một bộ phận trên đầu cá heo).
13:47 Which most other sea mammals (động vật có vú ở biển) don't have.
13:49Mark So shall I take over from there and speak about the different dolphin types?
13:54 I want to share what we've found out about those rare (hiếm) dolphins (cá heo) that are special just to New Zealand, in particular.
14:02Fran Yeah, great. Put the emphasis (nhấn mạnh) on them.
14:05 The rarest (hiếm) of all is the Hector's dolphin, isn't it?
14:08 They are endangered (bị đe dọa), aren't they?
14:10 I think that's mainly because so many of them get tangled up (bị vướng vào) in fishing gear (dụng cụ đánh cá), especially gill nets (lưới rê), and die.
14:17 I know that some conservationists (nhà bảo tồn) are worried about the impact (tác động) of the tourism industry (ngành du lịch) on dolphin numbers.
14:22 But I don't think that's a problem yet here.
14:25 Also, remember that this species (loài) has a very long reproductive cycle (chu kỳ sinh sản), so their numbers don't get replenished (được bổ sung) quickly.
14:33Mark Yeah, that's really sad.
14:35 But at least the New Zealand government (chính phủ) established a sanctuary (khu bảo tồn) for them, didn't it?
14:40 The fishing industry was against it but I remember reading that the general public (công chúng) were very supportive (ủng hộ) of the decision.
14:47 It was a consequence (hậu quả) of a study done by some marine biologists (nhà sinh vật học biển).
14:51 Having a protected (được bảo vệ) breeding area (khu vực sinh sản) has made a big difference (sự khác biệt lớn) to the dolphin population (quần thể) already.
14:57Fran Yeah, I think their numbers have swelled (tăng lên) to over 7,000 in total.
15:01 With a tiny (nhỏ bé) group of just 89 living down off Southland.
15:04 Nearly 2,000 living near Christchurch on the east coast, and the biggest group surviving (sống sót) off the west coast.
15:10 It's pretty wild country over there, so I guess there aren't as many tourists and fishermen to disturb (làm phiền) them.
15:19Narrator Before you hear the rest of the discussion (cuộc thảo luận), you have some time to look at questions 25 to 30 on page 6.
15:58 Now listen and answer questions 25 to 30.
16:05Fran Okay, so how do you suggest I structure (cấu trúc) my part of the talk?
16:10Mark Well, you could start with the common dolphin, which inhabits (sinh sống) the whole of the sea around New Zealand.
16:15 And once you've covered everything to do with them, feeding and so on, you could go on to the more unusual (bất thường) types.
16:21 The dusky dolphin is especially interesting (thú vị) because, you know how all the dolphins (cá heo) travel in small social groups (nhóm xã hội) called pods (đàn)?
16:29 Well, the dusky dolphins (cá heo) travel in pods (đàn) as big as 800 members (thành viên).
16:34Fran And I think the duskies like to travel along beside fishing and tourist boats (thuyền du lịch), don't they?
16:39Mark Whereas the Hector's dolphins (cá heo) are different, in that they prefer to go in the wake (luồng nước) of boats, that is, coming along in the rear (phía sau).
16:47Fran Yeah, they do.
16:49 But they also dive down (lặn xuống) deep to avoid fast boats (thuyền tốc độ cao).
16:53Mark Oh, let's not forget the Māui because they are endangered (bị đe dọa) too, aren't they?
16:57 There are only 150 of them left and they inhabit only the western coastal waters off the North Island of New Zealand.
17:05Fran Yeah, it's a pity.
17:07 They also face problems because of their tiny (nhỏ bé) size.
17:10Mark Mmm.
17:11Fran Now, the orca (cá voi sát thủ) is actually a dolphin too, right?
17:14Mark Yes, surprisingly.
17:15 So, I'll include that in my talk.
17:18 People call them killer whales, but in fact, they're not whales.
17:21 They're a huge and very fierce (dữ tợn) type of dolphin.
17:25 In New Zealand, Kaikōura in the South Island is the best place to spot (phát hiện) orcas roaming by.
17:31 So people mistakenly (một cách sai lầm) think that's where they live.
17:34 But actually orcas cover vast distances (khoảng cách lớn).
17:37Fran Let's not forget to mention the bottlenose (cá heo mũi chai).
17:39 It's bigger than nearly all the other dolphins (cá heo), even the common dolphin.
17:44Mark Oh, but still not as big as the orca (cá voi sát thủ), right?
17:46Fran That's right.
17:47 Well, I think that's our presentation (bài thuyết trình) done now.
17:53Narrator That is the end of section three.
17:56 You now have half a minute to check your answers.
Section 4
60 dòng · 2 người nói · 0 từ vựng
18:34Narrator Part four.
18:36 You will hear a man giving a lecture (bài giảng) on his tyre recycling (tái chế lốp xe) company to environmental science (khoa học môi trường) students.
18:45 First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
19:48Lecturer Good afternoon.
19:49 I'm the managing director (giám đốc điều hành) of Molektra Technologies, and we are involved in (tham gia vào) recycling (tái chế) tyres from vehicles (phương tiện) such as cars and trucks.
19:58 This might not sound new or exciting, but the method we use is quite radical (cấp tiến, triệt để) compared to traditional (truyền thống) tyre recycling (tái chế lốp xe) methods.
20:07 We strongly believe that the business of recycling (tái chế) tyres is crucial (quan trọng).
20:12 As amazingly (một cách đáng kinh ngạc), every month in Australia alone, the number of old tyres that are discarded (bị vứt bỏ) exceeds (vượt quá) 1.5 million.
20:22 And when you look at the figure globally (toàn cầu), it is a staggering (gây sửng sốt) 1.2 billion (tỷ) each year.
20:29 For decades (thập kỷ), various recycling (tái chế) methods have been trialled (thử nghiệm) with varying degrees (mức độ khác nhau) of success.
20:36 In some cases, the solution (giải pháp) was as bad as the problem.
20:40 Incinerating (Đốt) tyres, for example, generates (tạo ra) toxic fumes (khói độc) which are harmful (có hại) to the environment.
20:47 Breaking up whole tyres is energy-intensive (tốn nhiều năng lượng) and produces a contaminated (bị ô nhiễm) product with very little value.
20:53 As a result, there was little incentive (sự khuyến khích) to get into the business because there was no profit (lợi nhuận) in it.
20:59 And yet, a tyre is made up of so many valuable (có giá trị) components (thành phần).
21:04 And it is for this reason that we started trying out new recycling (tái chế) methods.
21:10 In the end, our factory (nhà máy) came up with a much improved (cải tiến) system for recycling (tái chế) old tyres.
21:16 The Molektra process is different for a number of reasons.
21:20 Firstly, it is a lot cheaper (rẻ hơn) to run because our machines are much more compact (nhỏ gọn) in comparison (sự so sánh) to traditional (truyền thống) systems.
21:27 This in turn reduces (giảm) energy consumption (sự tiêu thụ).
21:31 The wear and tear (hao mòn) on the shredding equipment (thiết bị cắt nhỏ), which cuts up the tyres, is also reduced (giảm), as the tyres fed through them have already been softened (làm mềm).
21:40 Costs are reduced (giảm) by over 30% using our system.
21:44 And significantly (một cách đáng kể), our machines can handle (xử lý) a tyre of any size.
21:50 From the smallest bicycle or wheelbarrow (xe cút kít), right up to the largest earth-moving truck (xe chở đất).
21:56 Most other processes can only handle (xử lý) car tyres.
22:00 Our technology has proven (đã được chứng minh) to work, and we have won many awards (giải thưởng) including the Australian Museum's (bảo tàng) Eureka Award, and last year on a national (quốc gia) TV program, we were chosen as the invention (phát minh) of the year.
22:15 Winning that certainly opened many doors for us, with interest coming from 27 countries around the world, including the United States and China.
22:26 To cope with the demand (nhu cầu), we will soon have 10 more factories which will operate (vận hành) 24 hours a day, just to stabilise (ổn định) the current stockpile (kho dự trữ).
22:35 We are passionate (đam mê) about taking this process further, and so we have chosen to dedicate (cống hiến) 5% of every dollar we make to research (nghiên cứu).
22:45 In this way, we can ensure (đảm bảo) we are always the best in the business.
22:55 So, let's look at the process we use.
22:58 What we extract (chiết xuất) from the tyre at each stage (giai đoạn) of the process (quá trình), and the uses that those materials (vật liệu) can be put to.
23:05 The first stage (giai đoạn) of the process (quá trình) mechanically (một cách cơ học) extracts (chiết xuất) the steel wires from the rim (vành) of the tyre.
23:11 This high-quality (chất lượng cao) wire can be cut into small pellets (viên nhỏ) suitable for sandblasting shots (hạt phun cát).
23:18 Next, after the tyres have been sliced (cắt lát) into a number of segments (đoạn) depending on tyre diameter (đường kính), they are chemically treated (xử lý hóa học).
23:26 This chemical treatment is essential (thiết yếu), as it removes (loại bỏ) dirt from the rubber (cao su) prior to (trước khi) the rest of the process (quá trình).
23:33 The cleaning process (quá trình) also softens (làm mềm) the tyres, making them easier to chop up.
23:39 In the next stage (giai đoạn), the fibre cords (sợi dây) contained (chứa đựng) in the tyre segments (đoạn) are separated (tách ra) from the rubber (cao su) using rollers (con lăn).
23:46 The fibres, which can include nylon (ni-lông) and rayon (sợi tơ nhân tạo), can be used as a reinforcement (sự gia cố) for concrete (bê tông), or they can be used to form plastic panels (tấm nhựa).
23:56 Then, the rubber (cao su) is cut up into very small pieces known as crumb rubber (cao su vụn).
24:02 For a tyre weighing 10 kilograms, Molektra can recover (thu hồi) seven and a half kilograms of crumb rubber (cao su vụn) that can be used to manufacture (sản xuất) a range (loạt) of rubber (cao su) products, such as asphalt (nhựa đường) used in road making.
24:15 It is also used as insulation (vật liệu cách nhiệt) in buildings, or something simple like tiles (gạch lát) for the floor.
24:22 Alternatively (Ngoài ra), any or all of this crumb rubber (cao su vụn) can continue through to the final stage (giai đoạn).
24:29 This final stage (giai đoạn) involves our patented (được cấp bằng sáng chế) Molektra vac machine, which uses industrial microwave energy (năng lượng vi sóng công nghiệp).
24:38 This changes the remaining rubber (cao su) into hydrocarbon (hydrocarbon), which can be used to make three different products.
24:45 We can cheaply produce activated carbon (than hoạt tính), which is usually quite expensive (đắt) to make from new materials (vật liệu).
24:52 It's used for treating water, as well as being an integral part (phần không thể thiếu) of air filters (bộ lọc không khí).
24:58 Secondly, as the carbon produced is very pure (tinh khiết), in fact it's over 97.4% pure (tinh khiết), we can crush (nghiền) it to form something called carbon black (than đen).
25:09 which is used in the manufacture (sản xuất) of batteries (pin), and also ink (mực).
25:14 Our process (quá trình) is very flexible (linh hoạt), and we can alter (thay đổi) the quantity (số lượng) of each of the three products depending on demand.
25:22 Finally, we can even use the hydrocarbon (hydrocarbon) to make oil (dầu).
25:26 And we use this to generate electricity (điện) to power our own machines.
25:31 It certainly helps to keep the costs down.
25:34 And that's just about it.
25:36 So, if there are any questions...
25:41Narrator That is the end of part four.
25:43 You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
26:47 That is the end of the listening test.
26:50 You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet.
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