Section 1
104 dòng · 3 người nói · 10 từ vựng
00:01Narrator IELTS listening.
00:03 Version 58033.
00:07 You will hear a number of different recordings, and you will have to answer questions on what you hear.
00:14 There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions, and you will have a chance to check your work.
00:21 All the recordings will be played once only.
00:26 The test is in four parts.
00:29 Write all your answers in the listening question booklet.
00:34 At the end of the test, you will be given 10 minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet.
00:42 Now turn to part one on page two of your question booklet.
00:50 Part one.
00:52 You will hear a telephone conversation between a UK company representative and a woman who wants to hire a motor home.
01:02 First you have some time to look at questions 1 to 5.
01:31 Now listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 5.
01:38Dave Sparrow Hello, Coxhead motor homes, Dave Sparrow speaking.
01:41Kirsty Oh, hi.
01:42 I would like to inquire (hỏi) about renting an RV for a week.
01:46 I think you call them motor homes in the UK.
01:49Dave Sparrow Yes, we do.
01:50 Well, we should be able to help you there.
01:53 So, what type were you thinking of?
01:56Kirsty It's just for two of us, me and my husband.
01:59Dave Sparrow Right.
02:00 The best model for you would be the two-berth end kitchen.
02:04 That's the one with the sitting and sleeping area in the middle and the other facilities at the back.
02:10Kirsty Yes, that sounds good.
02:12 And what sort of price is that?
02:14Dave Sparrow The cost starts at £545 a week, depending on when you want it for.
02:20 If it's high season (mùa cao điểm), it goes up to £755.
02:25Kirsty And is that all-inclusive (bao trọn gói)?
02:27Dave Sparrow There's what we call a damage deposit (tiền đặt cọc thiệt hại).
02:29 That's fully refundable (hoàn lại toàn bộ) if the vehicle is returned in good condition.
02:34 That depends on the driver's age.
02:35 You do have to be at least 21 to drive one of these vehicles.
02:39Kirsty That's okay.
02:40 I'm 24.
02:42Dave Sparrow Well, in that case, if you're driving the vehicle, the deposit would be £460.
02:48 It goes down to £250 for drivers of 26 and above.
02:52Kirsty And do I have to pay more if my husband drives as well?
02:56Dave Sparrow No, extra drivers are free.
02:58Kirsty Great.
02:59 We have to pay a supplement (khoản phụ thu) for that in the States.
03:02Dave Sparrow So, you've driven one of these before, have you?
03:05Kirsty Yes, but only in America.
03:07 Oh, that reminds me, uh about my driving license (bằng lái xe).
03:10 I've got an international one.
03:11 Is that okay?
03:12Dave Sparrow That's fine.
03:14Kirsty And I just have a few questions about the motor homes, if that's all right?
03:17Dave Sparrow Go ahead.
03:19Kirsty So, first of all, can you tell me how old your vehicles are on average?
03:24Dave Sparrow They're all less than 30 months, so you're getting a vehicle in peak condition (tình trạng tốt nhất).
03:29Kirsty Okay.
03:30 And I'd prefer an automatic gearbox (hộp số tự động) if possible.
03:33 Can you do that?
03:34Dave Sparrow I'm afraid not, they're all manual (số tay).
03:36 Will that be a problem?
03:37Kirsty Oh, I guess I'll be okay.
03:39 It was just a thought.
03:41Dave Sparrow And also our customers sometimes ask if they can bring their pets along.
03:46 So if you wanted to do that, it's fine.
03:48 As long as you make sure they're properly looked after.
03:51Kirsty Oh, well that won't apply to us, but it's nice to know.
03:58Narrator Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 6 to 10.
04:29 Now listen and answer questions 6 to 10.
04:36Kirsty And I suppose there are cooking facilities in the motor home?
04:39Dave Sparrow Yes, there's everything you need for cooking.
04:42Kirsty Like a fridge?
04:43Dave Sparrow Yes, and you've got a built-in microwave too.
04:47Kirsty And you said it sleeps two.
04:49 So is that two singles or a double?
04:51Dave Sparrow You can arrange the bed either way.
04:54 And you've got a CD player, and this year we've installed a television in every motor home as well.
05:01Kirsty Right.
05:02 Well, that might be useful if we have a rainy day.
05:05 Oh, and what about Sat Nav?
05:07 I don't suppose that's included, is it?
05:09Dave Sparrow Sure.
05:10 We've had that in all our mobile homes for a few years now.
05:14 Our customers really appreciate it.
05:16Kirsty Great.
05:17 Oh, and what about a rack for my bicycle?
05:20 I'd like to take it along.
05:21Dave Sparrow Yes, we can arrange for that.
05:23Kirsty Now, what happens about electricity?
05:26 I think we'll probably be staying at campsites most of the time, so presumably there'll be mains hook up there.
05:32 But we're going to a music festival for a couple of days and I don't think they have hook up there, so we'll need a generator.
05:39Dave Sparrow It's not included, but we can hire one for you.
05:41 It'll be £50 for a week.
05:44Kirsty Okay.
05:45 Uh, now about collection.
05:47 I know your company's near Salisbury.
05:49 Uh, we'll be coming from London, so what's the best way for us to get to you?
05:53 We'll be arriving by train.
05:55Dave Sparrow Well, if you want, we can pick you up from the station.
05:59 The nearest station to us is Greatly.
06:02Kirsty I'm sorry.
06:03Dave Sparrow Greatly.
06:04 That's spelled G R A T E L E Y.
06:10 There's no charge for that, just let us know when you'll be arriving.
06:14 So, would you like to go ahead and book a vehicle now?
06:17Kirsty Yes.
06:18 So my name is Kirsty and my...
06:24Narrator That is the end of part one.
06:27 You now have one minute to check your answers to part one.
Từ vựng · 10 từ
inquirehỏi
high seasonmùa cao điểm
all-inclusivebao trọn gói
damage deposittiền đặt cọc thiệt hại
fully refundablehoàn lại toàn bộ
supplementkhoản phụ thu
driving licensebằng lái xe
peak conditiontình trạng tốt nhất
automatic gearboxhộp số tự động
manualsố tay
Section 2
45 dòng · 3 người nói · 38 từ vựng
07:27Narrator Part two.
07:28 You will hear a radio talk by the director of a theater called the Citadel.
07:35 First you have some time to look at questions 11 to 16.
08:10 Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 16.
08:18Radio Host Today we're pleased to welcome Jan Beamish, who's the director (đạo diễn) of the Citadel (thành cổ) theater.
08:24 So Jan, what does the theater have in store for us (dành cho chúng ta) in the next few months?
08:28Jan Beamish Well, at present we've got Comedy Shop, which features five comedians doing sketches (vở kịch ngắn).
08:34 It's very popular (phổ biến) because some of the people watching the show have the chance to come and join in the sketches (vở kịch ngắn).
08:40 It's had excellent reviews.
08:42 Then after that, there's a new play called Seekers.
08:46 This is a very beautiful story about childhood, featuring Abigail Garrick, who's one of the country's top actors.
08:54 But sadly there are no more tickets left for any of the performances (buổi biểu diễn).
08:58 We're also putting on The Hidden Box, which is a delightful fantasy (câu chuyện tưởng tượng thú vị) about a search for lost treasure.
09:05 It goes down very well with youngsters (thanh thiếu niên), particularly preschool, and actually the whole family will enjoy it too.
09:13 There are still quite a number of tickets left for afternoon performances (buổi biểu diễn).
09:18 For one week only, we've been lucky enough to secure (đảm bảo) Nightshift.
09:23 A fascinating (hấp dẫn) new play, based on the diary (nhật ký) kept by a factory owner in the 19th century.
09:29 It's quite a disturbing (gây lo lắng) piece with some violent scenes (cảnh bạo lực), so it could be upsetting (gây khó chịu) for some people.
09:36 But it's certainly well worth seeing if you want to get a new perspective (góc nhìn) on the industry that built up our town.
09:43 Next month sees the start of a production called John Dory, a light-hearted (vui vẻ) show based on stories from the local area (khu vực địa phương).
09:52 Surprisingly perhaps, it's played to packed houses (khán phòng chật kín) in other countries in recent months.
09:57 Even though the audiences knew nothing about the area, they responded to the humor (sự hài hước) and warmth (sự ấm áp) of the characters.
10:04 And finally, I mustn't forget Vital Signs.
10:08 You may well have seen this at the cinema where it won awards (giải thưởng) both in Britain and in the US.
10:14 But this new stage version (phiên bản sân khấu) really brings to life the moving true story (câu chuyện có thật cảm động) of a struggling (vật lộn) young singer trying to find success.
10:25Narrator Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 17 to 20.
11:01 Now listen and answer questions 17 to 20.
11:09Radio Host And this summer the Citadel is once again supporting the youth arts festival (lễ hội nghệ thuật thanh niên).
11:13 Can you tell us a bit about that?
11:15Jan Beamish Yes.
11:16 Well, we're already planning a whole range of activities (một loạt các hoạt động) for young people leading up to this year's youth arts festival (lễ hội nghệ thuật thanh niên), and we're looking for anyone from 8 to 21 years old who's interested not just in performing but also writing, directing, or doing workshops.
11:34 The deadline (hạn chót) for applications (đơn đăng ký) is the 15th of March, and then we aim to have the schedule (lịch trình) for the different activities put together by the end of April.
11:44 That's just a few months before the festival itself, which will be in the first week of August.
11:49 If anyone would like to put on a performance themselves, there's still time to apply.
11:54 You can download the application form from our website.
11:57 Make sure you complete all the relevant sections (các phần liên quan).
12:01 You need to briefly describe (mô tả ngắn gọn) what happens in the performance.
12:05 If you want, you can also send a DVD or photos of the performance.
12:10 You will be expected to provide your own costumes (trang phục) and music by the way.
12:16 There's also a competition (cuộc thi) for anyone who's interested in actually writing a short play.
12:21 The winning play (vở kịch đoạt giải) will be performed at the festival, directed (đạo diễn) by Steve Taylor from the theater here, and the writer will have the chance to play one of the roles if he or she wants to.
12:32 Last year's winning play (vở kịch đoạt giải) was even shown on national TV afterwards.
12:38 The highlight of the festival will be a production of the experimental play (vở kịch thử nghiệm) Calman, acted and written entirely by young people.
12:47 The play's all about communication, and each actor writes a sort of made-up language (ngôn ngữ tự tạo) for his or her role during the performance which no one else can understand.
12:58 We hope it will be a really enjoyable and rewarding (bổ ích) one for everyone who's taken part.
Từ vựng · 38 từ
directorđạo diễn
Citadelthành cổ
in store for usdành cho chúng ta
sketchesvở kịch ngắn
popularphổ biến
performancesbuổi biểu diễn
delightful fantasycâu chuyện tưởng tượng thú vị
youngstersthanh thiếu niên
secuređảm bảo
fascinatinghấp dẫn
diarynhật ký
disturbinggây lo lắng
violent scenescảnh bạo lực
upsettinggây khó chịu
perspectivegóc nhìn
light-heartedvui vẻ
local areakhu vực địa phương
packed houseskhán phòng chật kín
humorsự hài hước
warmthsự ấm áp
awardsgiải thưởng
stage versionphiên bản sân khấu
moving true storycâu chuyện có thật cảm động
strugglingvật lộn
youth arts festivallễ hội nghệ thuật thanh niên
range of activitiesmột loạt các hoạt động
deadlinehạn chót
applicationsđơn đăng ký
schedulelịch trình
relevant sectionscác phần liên quan
briefly describemô tả ngắn gọn
costumestrang phục
competitioncuộc thi
winning playvở kịch đoạt giải
directedđạo diễn
experimental playvở kịch thử nghiệm
made-up languagengôn ngữ tự tạo
rewardingbổ ích
Section 3
63 dòng · 3 người nói · 25 từ vựng
13:44Narrator Part three.
13:45 You will hear a business student called Lara getting feedback on the first draft of her assignment from her tutor.
13:53 First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 25.
14:33 Now listen carefully and answer questions 26 to 37.
14:41Tutor Hello, Lara.
14:42 Thank you for coming in to discuss the work you've done so far on your assignment on multinational companies (công ty đa quốc gia).
14:47 I've had a good look at it.
14:49Lara Thank you.
14:51Tutor I'm interested in your research on this chocolate and its brand image (hình ảnh thương hiệu).
14:56 You've shown that it's quite different in different markets.
14:59 And the differences in advertising campaigns, how in some countries it's sold in pretty upmarket (cao cấp) places, whereas in others it's sold in supermarkets that appeal to a different customer.
15:11 Did you know that they use different amounts of caffeine (caffein) and sugar to appeal to tastes in different countries, too?
15:17Lara Oh, I didn't.
15:18 I'll look into that too.
15:20 Do you think this next section on the aim of global marketing (tiếp thị toàn cầu) is clear?
15:26Tutor Well, I got a bit lost when you talked about starting production (sản xuất) in another country.
15:32 The link to the aim of global marketing (tiếp thị toàn cầu) could be clearer.
15:36 But what I thought worked really well was your explanation of how a huge increase in sales is what most companies who go global are after.
15:46 Well done.
15:47 You could then link that to profits (lợi nhuận) to finish off that section.
15:50Lara Yes, that's down on my plan.
15:53 Another thing that's grabbed my attention is the messages for young people in advertising by multinationals (các công ty đa quốc gia).
16:00Tutor You could follow up on that thought.
16:02 Other moral issues (vấn đề đạo đức) come up.
16:04 For example, the supermarket chain who offered free plastic bags in a market which is very environment-conscious (có ý thức về môi trường).
16:11 Their aim had been to bring in lots of new customers quickly by getting their name seen everywhere in town, but they'd forgotten that that market didn't want any more plastic polluting (gây ô nhiễm) their environment.
16:23Lara A big mistake.
16:25 There seems to be a sort of arrogance (sự kiêu ngạo) on the part of some multinationals (các công ty đa quốc gia).
16:29Tutor In what way?
16:30Lara Well, it's okay if the multinational comes into your country, takes over a company and introduces better working conditions or new machinery.
16:40 But it's the way they often bring in their own management team who ride roughshod over (coi thường, chà đạp) everyone and who don't exactly go in for consultation (tham vấn) at local level (cấp địa phương).
16:49Tutor That's an interesting observation.
16:51 What do you have in mind for the last section?
16:54Lara I'd like to look at distribution (phân phối).
16:56 It can be key to the success or failure of so many businesses.
17:02 Of course, there's a whole idea of managing time and what happens when customers don't get their goods on time.
17:08 But I'd like to read up on the effects of managing all distribution (phân phối) from just one office, because if a company isn't used to that and it's suddenly introduced, it can be chaos.
17:20 I looked at the issue of stock control in last term's paper, so I'd rather not revisit (xem lại) that.
17:29Narrator Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 26 to 30.
18:00 Now listen and answer questions 26 to 30.
18:07Tutor Now, you need to finish off with a company case study (nghiên cứu tình huống).
18:11 And I see you've been looking into some possibilities.
18:14 What did you find out about Drummans?
18:16Lara At first, I thought they'd be good to illustrate (minh họa) the importance of getting the workforce (lực lượng lao động) right.
18:22 But I'm not sure I'd have enough information.
18:25 But what I could use them for is to show how you have to base your company in the right part of the world to benefit (hưởng lợi) from tax advantages (ưu đãi thuế).
18:34 That's what Drummans did.
18:35Tutor Yes, that could be good.
18:37 Uh, there's also Multiplan.
18:39 I read recently that they've made the classic mistake (sai lầm kinh điển) of going for an international market before they've really grown enough.
18:47 And that's causing them some headaches.
18:49 So, no matter where they'd expanded their business to abroad, they'd have faced the same problems.
18:55Lara What about Elbeads?
18:57 There are really detailed figures showing that by going global, they were in a strong position to negotiate rock bottom prices for their materials because they were buying in bulk.
19:08Tutor Yes, they would be a good choice because it would allow you to present data effectively.
19:13 Babus would be good for that too.
19:15 All the figures relating to their staffing levels before and after going global are available.
19:21Lara Oh, and they're huge, aren't they?
19:23Tutor I did look at how Emerson went to different companies who provided them with components (linh kiện) they needed when they went global and what a huge difference this made to quality.
19:33 So, just check through to see which one would give you scope (phạm vi) to develop a good case study (nghiên cứu tình huống) with a clear focus.
19:39Lara Thank you.
19:44Narrator That is the end of part three.
19:47 You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part three.
Từ vựng · 25 từ
multinational companiescông ty đa quốc gia
brand imagehình ảnh thương hiệu
upmarketcao cấp
caffeinecaffein
global marketingtiếp thị toàn cầu
productionsản xuất
profitslợi nhuận
multinationalscác công ty đa quốc gia
moral issuesvấn đề đạo đức
environment-consciouscó ý thức về môi trường
pollutinggây ô nhiễm
arrogancesự kiêu ngạo
ride roughshod overcoi thường, chà đạp
consultationtham vấn
local levelcấp địa phương
distributionphân phối
revisitxem lại
case studynghiên cứu tình huống
illustrateminh họa
workforcelực lượng lao động
benefithưởng lợi
tax advantagesưu đãi thuế
classic mistakesai lầm kinh điển
componentslinh kiện
scopephạm vi
Section 4
57 dòng · 2 người nói · 65 từ vựng
20:18Narrator Part four.
20:19 You will hear a lecturer (giảng viên) in environmental science (khoa học môi trường) talking about soundscapes, which are the sounds that surround us in our daily lives.
20:30 First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
21:25 Now, listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
21:32Lecturer Today I want to talk to you about something called a soundscape (cảnh quan âm thanh).
21:37 We all know what a landscape (cảnh quan) is.
21:39 That is the view that you can see from any particular point.
21:43 As the name implies (ngụ ý), a soundscape (cảnh quan âm thanh) comprises (bao gồm) all the sounds you can hear at a given time (thời điểm nhất định) in a particular environment.
21:53 The term was first coined (đặt ra) by a Canadian called Murray Schafer, a famous composer (nhà soạn nhạc) who became interested in the concept in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
22:05 One important aspect of the soundscape (cảnh quan âm thanh) is that it is not random abstract noise (tiếng ồn trừu tượng ngẫu nhiên).
22:12 Nor is it simply mindless background sound (âm thanh nền vô nghĩa) such as the recorded music you hear so often in public places like elevators (thang máy).
22:20 No, the sounds in a soundscape (cảnh quan âm thanh) generally have meaning and can be understood and decoded (giải mã).
22:28 The sounds of which a soundscape (cảnh quan âm thanh) is composed can be divided (chia) into three types.
22:34 First, biophony (âm thanh sinh học).
22:36 These are sounds emitted (phát ra) by living creatures.
22:39 For example, by frogs, which you undoubtedly (chắc chắn) know can be extremely loud (cực kỳ lớn) when heard in trees on a dark wet night.
22:47 Some people love that sound.
22:49 Then, the second type of soundscape (cảnh quan âm thanh) sound is termed geophony.
22:54 And that is sound created by non-biological forces.
22:58 In our daily life, we're constantly surrounded by these sounds, like the patter of rain, which I myself find incredibly soothing (dịu nhẹ) and relaxing (thư giãn).
23:08 Some, of course, would disagree.
23:11 Lastly, we have the sounds lumped together (gom chung) under the heading of anthrophony (âm thanh nhân tạo).
23:17 And these refer to sounds made by humans, a an altogether noisy (ồn ào) group, I'd say.
23:24 Anyhow, the study of the soundscape (cảnh quan âm thanh) has attracted (thu hút) many people over the years, including an American called Bernie Kraus, who has spent more than 40 years recording (ghi âm) the sounds of nature.
23:36 He came to several interesting conclusions (kết luận) about the sounds he recorded.
23:40 He maintained (cho rằng) that every sound has what is referred to as its own signature (dấu hiệu đặc trưng), which makes it as recognizable (có thể nhận ra) and identifiable (có thể xác định) as when a person writes his own name.
23:54 Furthermore, Kraus concluded that the sounds of various organisms (sinh vật) in an environment are harmonious (hài hòa) in two ways.
24:02 Firstly, they fit together in terms of loudness, and thus they don't drown each other out (lấn át nhau).
24:08 And secondly, the frequency (tần số) of each sound is also harmonious (hài hòa) with the other sounds.
24:19 Scientists who study soundscapes (cảnh quan âm thanh) say that overall changes (thay đổi tổng thể) in the sound patterns (kiểu mẫu) in a certain place are often important first indicators (chỉ số) of a change that is taking place in the climate (khí hậu) of that particular area.
24:33 This in itself would make a better understanding of soundscapes (cảnh quan âm thanh) valuable (có giá trị) in trying to assess (đánh giá) what is going on in the environment around the world today.
24:42 Change in the soundscape (cảnh quan âm thanh) may also be a first warning sign (dấu hiệu cảnh báo đầu tiên) of pollution (ô nhiễm) of many kinds.
24:48 In fact, it was an absence (sự vắng mặt) of bird song that alerted (cảnh báo) writer and early ecologist (nhà sinh thái học) Rachel Carson to the environmental devastation (sự tàn phá môi trường) being caused by the understandable attempt (nỗ lực có thể hiểu được) by American farmers to control insects (côn trùng).
25:04 Soundscape (cảnh quan âm thanh) ecologists (nhà sinh thái học) are using ever more sophisticated equipment (thiết bị tinh vi) to study the sounds of nature, including the state-of-the-art (hiện đại nhất) acoustic (âm thanh) sound recorders.
25:15 The data from these are used to create three-dimensional maps (bản đồ ba chiều) of acoustic (âm thanh) features plotted (được vẽ) across a landscape (cảnh quan).
25:23 These can provide a valuable permanent record (hồ sơ lưu trữ vĩnh viễn có giá trị) of the soundscape (cảnh quan âm thanh) at a particular time and can be used to note potentially significant (có khả năng đáng kể) changes such as variation (sự biến đổi) by season.
25:35 Now, when I give talks, the most common question that I get asked is, what's the loudest creature in the animal world?
25:44 The answer is probably debatable (gây tranh cãi), but it's not a roaring lion or a bellowing (rống) elephant.
25:52 To the best of my knowledge (theo như tôi được biết), it's something found in the ocean, a shrimp (con tôm) less than 4 cm long, which makes an explosive (bùng nổ) sound underwater with its single claw, the equivalent (tương đương) of about 160 decibels (đề-xi-ben) in the air.
26:08 And that's even more than the noise a rock band makes.
26:12 Now, if you have a rock band...
26:17Narrator That is the end of part four.
26:20 You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
27:24 That is the end of the listening test.
27:27 You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet.
27:35 [silence]
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Từ vựng · 65 từ
lecturergiảng viên
environmental sciencekhoa học môi trường
soundscapecảnh quan âm thanh
landscapecảnh quan
impliesngụ ý
comprisesbao gồm
given timethời điểm nhất định
coinedđặt ra
composernhà soạn nhạc
random abstract noisetiếng ồn trừu tượng ngẫu nhiên
mindless background soundâm thanh nền vô nghĩa
elevatorsthang máy
decodedgiải mã
dividedchia
biophonyâm thanh sinh học
emittedphát ra
undoubtedlychắc chắn
extremely loudcực kỳ lớn
soothingdịu nhẹ
relaxingthư giãn
lumped togethergom chung
anthrophonyâm thanh nhân tạo
noisyồn ào
attractedthu hút
recordingghi âm
conclusionskết luận
maintainedcho rằng
signaturedấu hiệu đặc trưng
recognizablecó thể nhận ra
identifiablecó thể xác định
organismssinh vật
harmonioushài hòa
drown each other outlấn át nhau
frequencytần số
soundscapescảnh quan âm thanh
overall changesthay đổi tổng thể
patternskiểu mẫu
indicatorschỉ số
climatekhí hậu
valuablecó giá trị
assessđánh giá
first warning signdấu hiệu cảnh báo đầu tiên
pollutionô nhiễm
absencesự vắng mặt
alertedcảnh báo
ecologistnhà sinh thái học
environmental devastationsự tàn phá môi trường
understandable attemptnỗ lực có thể hiểu được
insectscôn trùng
ecologistsnhà sinh thái học
sophisticated equipmentthiết bị tinh vi
state-of-the-arthiện đại nhất
acousticâm thanh
three-dimensional mapsbản đồ ba chiều
plottedđược vẽ
valuable permanent recordhồ sơ lưu trữ vĩnh viễn có giá trị
potentially significantcó khả năng đáng kể
variationsự biến đổi
debatablegây tranh cãi
bellowingrống
To the best of my knowledgetheo như tôi được biết
shrimpcon tôm
explosivebùng nổ
equivalenttương đương
decibelsđề-xi-ben