Section 1
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00:01Narrator IELTS listening version 51400.
00:06 You will hear a number of different recordings and you will have to answer questions on what you hear.
00:13 There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions,
00:17 and you will have a chance to check your work.
00:20 All the recordings will be played once only.
00:25 The test is in four parts.
00:28 Write all your answers in the listening question booklet.
00:33 At the end of the test, you will be given 10 minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet.
00:40 Now turn to part one on page two of your question booklet.
00:49 Part one.
00:52 You will hear a telephone conversation between a man who wants information about bicycling holidays and a travel agent.
01:00 First you have some time to look at questions one to five.
01:28 Now listen carefully and answer questions one to five.
01:35Sandra Good morning. Thank you for calling Getaway Tours.
01:38 I'm Sandra.
01:39 How can I help you today?
01:40Man Hi Sandra.
01:41 I've got a lot of questions, but can you first tell me your office hours?
01:46Sandra Sure.
01:47 We're open from 10:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
01:50Man Thanks, Sandra.
01:52 I saw your article in my favorite magazine last month, and I'd like more information about the different tours.
01:58Sandra We have gotten a lot of calls about that article.
02:02Man I'm not surprised.
02:04 Is it true that if I book a tour, the prices start at only $1,100 per person?
02:10Sandra Yes, that's a special offer for this month.
02:14 Normally, they're from $1,400, going up to $2,000.
02:20 And it includes accommodation (chỗ ở) and meals.
02:23 This offer is for any of our 36 different bicycling tours.
02:28Man Well, I am definitely interested in the bicycling tours.
02:32 But I thought there were only 30.
02:34 Are all of them for a week?
02:36Sandra Most of them.
02:38 If bicycling is not your thing,
02:40 we also have walking tours to choose from.
02:43Man That's a lot of options.
02:45Sandra Are you aware that our trips all begin on Tuesday?
02:48Man That's great.
02:50 It would give me Monday to pack.
02:52 How do you suggest I choose from so many options?
02:56Sandra Yes, it is tough to make a choice.
02:59Man I would love to hear about your most popular tours.
03:05Narrator Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions six to 10.
03:36 Now listen and answer questions six to 10.
03:42Sandra I'll start with the bicycling tours, since you said that was your main interest.
03:48Man My wife and I are not in great shape for a hard ride.
03:51 Do you have rides that are at the beginner level?
03:54Sandra Sure.
03:56 There's our Florida trip.
03:57 That's 14 nights.
04:00 But I'd recommend our holiday on the east coast of the US in an area known as the Autumn Route,
04:07 which is just six nights.
04:09 With short, leisurely (thong thả) routes on trails by the riverside and through the forest,
04:14 you have plenty of time to explore the landscape during your holiday.
04:19Man Wow.
04:20 Seeing the changing colors of the leaves would be amazing.
04:24Sandra Yes, that's right.
04:26 You also have the option to stop at some outstanding (nổi bật) homes and to see their gardens.
04:33 Whichever cycling holiday you choose, you usually spend two nights at each hotel
04:38 and always have plenty of time to explore, rest, and sightsee as you wish.
04:45Man Could you tell me about one of your moderate (vừa phải) rides?
04:48 You never know, maybe my wife and I will get into enough shape to be able to do one.
04:52Sandra Well, let me see.
04:55 Oh, this trip is actually 10 nights long.
04:58 It travels through parts of Southern California.
05:02 The ride begins on a mountain trail and finally brings you down to the coastal roads.
05:09Man Oh yes, I see that here on your website.
05:12 Oh, that looks amazing.
05:14 I like that we would have the opportunity to try some of the local cuisine (ẩm thực).
05:19Sandra Yes, the cuisine (ẩm thực) in this area makes lavish (phong phú) use of colorful local produce.
05:25 And then, you know, the great weather of this region is a great feature by itself.
05:32Man Do we stay in hotels on this trip?
05:34Sandra You stay in hotels most of the way until the end, when you stay on a farm overlooking the sea.
05:41 That's always really popular.
05:44Man Wow, both trips sound fabulous (tuyệt vời).
05:47 How far in advance do I have to make reservations (đặt chỗ)?
05:54Narrator That is the end of part one.
05:56 You now have one minute to check your answers to part one.
Section 2
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06:56Narrator Part two.
06:58 You will hear the assistant principal of a primary school
07:02 talking to a group of parents who have offered to help with sports activities.
07:08 First you have some time to look at questions 11 to 14.
07:43 Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 14.
07:50Student Good evening, parents, and thank you for offering your help.
07:54 I'm here to talk about the sports programs that the children are taking part in this term.
07:58 Although we do do sport during class time,
08:01 children often have extra activities before or after school or at weekends,
08:06 and that's when we need you.
08:08 First up, we're looking for parents who would like to become team coaches or managers.
08:14 We had some excellent people last year, but some of those parents now have other commitments (cam kết).
08:19 It's the year four netball team, the year five and six rugby teams, and the year three hockey team that need new people.
08:26 Now, coaching.
08:29 I know some parents might not be completely familiar with, say, rugby or netball rules,
08:34 but don't let that put you off.
08:36 Obviously, knowledge of the game helps,
08:38 but if you're keen, there are some coaching courses you can take before the training sessions for players begin.
08:44 And these also get held throughout the whole season.
08:47 What's really required is the right attitude.
08:50 Are you the kind of person that can motivate (thúc đẩy) kids and make the game seem exciting?
08:55 All the rugby training and matches are organized (tổ chức) by North Shore Rugby Club.
08:59 If you do volunteer to become a rugby coach,
09:01 you'll need to go along to an important day that's coming up.
09:04 That's on Saturday the 23rd.
09:07 It takes place on the rugby grounds and it's when all the kids put their names down for a team
09:12 and the organizers are on hand to give parents a bit more information.
09:16 Matches are on Saturday morning, and training sessions on a Wednesday after school.
09:22 Moving on to netball, matches and uniforms (đồng phục).
09:26 Matches are on Monday at 4 p.m.
09:29 and take place at the North Harbour Netball Grounds.
09:32 And for uniforms (đồng phục),
09:33 we've just ordered a new set from the sports store in town
09:37 and parents must hire one from the school secretary for $15,
09:41 which gets refunded (hoàn tiền) at the end of the season.
09:47Narrator Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 15 to 20.
10:23 Now listen and answer questions 15 to 20.
10:30Student Okay, some of you are kindly helping with the cross-country running event.
10:35 Children in years three to six will be running from school.
10:39 At the bottom of your map there.
10:41 The route isn't marked on your map, I'm afraid, but I'm going to point out some different places that need parent supervision (giám sát).
10:48 The drinks station is one.
10:50 If you're handing out water, head to the north car park
10:54 and the station will be set up on the other side of the road from it, right by the flag post.
11:00 Two or three parents will be needed to help out at the major crossing point, just to make sure everybody's going the right way.
11:07 So, on the map, there's that little footpath (lối đi bộ) going up past the school.
11:13 Then it splits into three directions.
11:16 The crossing point is at the end of the left-hand path heading west just before you cross Summer Street.
11:23 Now, we'll need a couple of parents at the halfway point to send the children in the right direction.
11:29 So there are four buildings on the far left hand side.
11:32 The halfway point is just to the right of these buildings.
11:36 Just cheer the kids on.
11:39 And if anyone has given up running, that's fine.
11:43 Okay.
11:43 The teacher at our first aid post might need help sticking plasters on.
11:48 The quickest way to get to first aid is to head up the footpath (lối đi bộ) next to school,
11:53 and when you get to the second turning on the right, head down there.
11:58 And it's sort of opposite the satellite dish.
12:02 What else?
12:04 The rest area is for children needing a break,
12:07 and that's the place nearest the south car park, near the road.
12:12 And if any parent here is handy with a video camera,
12:15 we'd really appreciate some help with filming the event.
12:19 This means heading up the footpath (lối đi bộ) by the school, then keep going up.
12:25 With the flag post on your left and the satellite dish on your right.
12:29 And the filming spot is just there in front of the trees.
12:34 Well, I think that covers everything. Um, but if you have any questions, please.
12:40Narrator That is the end of part two.
12:43 You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part two.
Section 3
92 dòng · 3 người nói · 0 từ vựng
13:13Narrator Part three.
13:15 You will hear two architecture students called Luke and Milly discussing their assignment (bài tập) about the use of plastic as a building material.
13:25 First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 24.
14:01 Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 24.
14:09Luke Hi Milly.
14:10Milly Hi Luke.
14:12 So, we're here to talk over our first assignment (bài tập) on alternative (thay thế) building materials.
14:18Luke Yeah, I think it would be really interesting to learn more about how plastic has been used.
14:23Milly I found lots of information from the 1960s.
14:27Luke So, did you find out why the idea of plastic buildings wasn't popular with the public at that time?
14:33Milly It wasn't the material's environmental credentials (uy tín).
14:37 The concept of plastic houses was just too futuristic (mang tính tương lai).
14:41Luke So you mean it was their appearance?
14:43Milly No, people liked their modern design, but the idea of that sort of building as a home just didn't appeal.
14:52Luke Right. I did some research on the kind of problems engineers had with the old plastics in the 1960s and 1970s.
15:00 What did you learn?
15:02 Well, firstly, because plastic doesn't weigh very much, the buildings weren't very good in windy weather.
15:09 They managed to fix that by amending the shape of the buildings,
15:12 but the real disadvantage was that when the plastic was exposed to the light,
15:17 it developed fine cracks and when rain got into these cracks, the plastic would deform (biến dạng) and lose its strength.
15:24Milly Right.
15:25Luke I wonder where we can find some more information about the situation nowadays.
15:30Milly Maybe we could ask one of the PhD students.
15:34Luke I expect they'll be too busy.
15:36Milly Yeah, that's true.
15:38 Well, we could always use the internet.
15:41Luke Maybe we should research more academic (học thuật) sources like the journals we have in the library.
15:47Milly Hmm, okay.
15:49 That way we can reference everything properly at the end of the assignment (bài tập).
15:53Luke Have you read Peterson's article about plastic houses?
15:57 Yeah, it was really good.
15:59Milly But it didn't have enough illustrations (hình minh họa) of the houses.
16:02 That was a shame.
16:03 They'd have been useful for us as examples in our presentation.
16:07 I liked the way it was organized though.
16:09 That was really clear.
16:11Luke Yeah, and it wasn't too technical,
16:14 but you did need to know a bit about plastic houses before you read it to get the most out of it.
16:19Milly That's true.
16:23Narrator Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 25 to 30.
17:00 Now listen and answer questions 25 to 30.
17:08Milly Okay.
17:09 Well, shall we start comparing our findings then?
17:12Luke Sure. I'll make some notes.
17:15Milly Well, the earliest one I read about was a plastic house called The House of the Future,
17:21 that was built in 1957,
17:24 though no one actually lived in it.
17:26 It was on show at a theme park in America for 10 years.
17:31 After that, they demolished (phá hủy) it,
17:33 but they had a hard time.
17:34 It was really built to last.
17:37 They couldn't break the plastic up.
17:39Luke Was that the one that had an ultrasonic dishwashing machine?
17:43Milly Yes.
17:44 That would still be pretty revolutionary (mang tính cách mạng) today.
17:48Luke Did you read about the Wonder House?
17:50 It was designed in 1964 by an industrial designer called Alfred Noise.
17:55Milly Oh, the one with the roof like a sort of tent or an umbrella.
18:00Luke That's right.
18:01 The roof was made of fiberglass and it curved down to the ground at each corner,
18:06 enclosing a big central space.
18:09 Then the sides were filled with glass or plastic.
18:12 It was a really innovative (sáng tạo) idea for the time, but Noise only made a small model and the design wasn't implemented.
18:19Milly Hmm, pity.
18:21Luke What about those spaceship houses they built between 1968 and 1978?
18:27 Like flying saucers.
18:29 They built over a hundred of them.
18:31Milly I don't know if I'd want to live in one.
18:33 The living area was quite limited
18:36 and they had really low ceilings.
18:38 But they do look really futuristic (mang tính tương lai), don't they?
18:41Luke With their white walls and circular shape. Yes.
18:44 But the plastic houses I like are the foam houses they built between 1979 and 1983.
18:51 They've got really curvy shapes.
18:53 They built them by spraying foam over a great big balloon.
18:58Milly They were partly built to show what computers could do in the home,
19:02 things like controlling heat and light and so on.
19:06 Quite new ideas at the time.
19:08 And they were very well insulated (cách nhiệt) as well, so they saved energy.
19:13 People were just beginning to get into that.
19:16Luke I read about a plastic exhibition hall that can all be packed away in a relatively small container.
19:22 You just put it on a truck and take it to wherever you want it, then inflate it.
19:27 You know, fill it up with air, and there's room for hundreds of people.
19:32 And when the exhibition or whatever's over, you just take it down again.
19:36 And you can reuse it again and again.
19:38Milly And there's a house in New Zealand that's built from household and industrial waste,
19:43 like plastic boxes.
19:46 They say it's a much better construction material than bricks
19:49 from the point of view of insulation.
19:51Luke Yes, they're using that idea to build houses in other parts of the world too.
19:57 Okay.
19:58 Well, it looks as if we've got plenty of stuff to...
Section 4
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20:37Narrator Part four.
20:39 You will hear part of a lecture about an early form of photography that developed in Britain and France called calotype photography.
20:48 First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
21:51Lecturer Morning, everyone.
21:53 Welcome back to this series of lectures on the development of photography.
21:58 Last week, we looked at a type of photography called daguerreotype (chụp ảnh đage).
22:04 The first commercially (thương mại) successful photographic process.
22:09 Today, we're going to look at how this was gradually replaced by a technique called calotype (chụp ảnh ca-lô).
22:16 Daguerreotype (chụp ảnh đage) was a major breakthrough,
22:19 but there were problems with it.
22:21 In particular, because the image was produced on a copper sheet, it was expensive to create each photograph.
22:30 As a result, during the 1840s, a man named William Talbot began looking for an alternative (thay thế) approach.
22:39 Talbot eventually became an influential (có ảnh hưởng) figure,
22:43 but he always said he was not a professional photographer.
22:47 In fact, he trained as an artist.
22:51 His greatest interest was painting.
22:54 And he only became involved with photography as a secondary interest.
23:00 Talbot spent many years trying to solve the problems associated with daguerreotype (chụp ảnh đage) photography.
23:07 He tried a number of different approaches,
23:10 and it took some time to find a successful alternative (thay thế).
23:14 But in the end, what he did was,
23:17 instead of producing each photograph on a sheet of copper,
23:20 he produced them on paper,
23:22 and at the time, this was a great advance.
23:26 Talbot's technique, which he called calotype (chụp ảnh ca-lô) photography,
23:31 had other advantages as well.
23:34 Maybe the most important was that the pictures themselves weren't as sharp as the ones produced before.
23:41 The sharpness had been a problem because it distorted (làm méo mó) everything.
23:45 But this new calotype (chụp ảnh ca-lô) process produced images that were realistic compared to all earlier photographs.
23:54 Calotype (chụp ảnh ca-lô) photography was invented in Britain,
23:58 but it was also popular with French photographers.
24:02 The 1850s were a time of rapid development in France,
24:06 and photography was used to record these changes.
24:10 One example of how important photography had become occurred in 1851
24:16 when the French government established a society to promote the interests of photographers,
24:22 something that hadn't happened before.
24:25 To begin with, there were five members.
24:29 And maybe the most important was a man called Gustave Le Gray.
24:34 Le Gray became increasingly fascinated by the calotype (chụp ảnh ca-lô) process.
24:39 Most of all, he wanted to produce different types of image,
24:43 so began a series of experiments to see how this might be done.
24:48 His greatest success was when he designed the first camera that was able to create enlargements.
24:55 An important step forward.
24:58 Another of Le Gray's innovations was his work on the size of the equipment necessary to take photographs.
25:05 Originally, it was very heavy, and difficult to move about.
25:10 But Le Gray made it lighter and smaller.
25:13 This meant he could take photographs outdoors more easily,
25:17 rather than being limited to the studio,
25:20 which had sometimes been the case until then.
25:23 Le Gray produced numerous photographs during this period,
25:27 and was highly regarded among fellow photographers.
25:30 But his work also became famous among the general public,
25:34 because he wrote a very popular series of books describing the calotype (chụp ảnh ca-lô) process and giving examples of his work.
25:45 The simple fact was that people liked photography.
25:50 They thought it was reliable,
25:52 especially compared to drawing,
25:54 where the human hand might alter or exaggerate (phóng đại) things.
25:58 This had various consequences.
26:02 One of which was that photography was now often used to record the huge program of renovation (cải tạo) work of historical buildings in France during the 1850s.
26:12 The camera doesn't lie, so people said.
26:16 As a result, the calotype (chụp ảnh ca-lô) process was admired not only by photographers,
26:22 but increasingly by the government and by mainstream (chính thống) society.
26:27 However, debate still remained about whether photography could truly be called an art form, like sculpture or drawing.
26:34 Certainly, although the public liked it,
26:37 in the opinion of critics, photography could not be compared to other established (đã được công nhận) forms of art.
26:44 So, in summary, what can we say about calotype (chụp ảnh ca-lô) photography during this period?
26:51 One thing to re-emphasize is that the 1850s were a period of great development in Britain and France.
26:58 The culture in both countries admired all new technological advances.
27:03 And photography represented these ideas
27:06 because it was considered to be a science by most people.
27:11 However, photographers didn't stop experimenting with new materials to improve the quality of their work.
27:18 Most of all, they were searching for ways to make images more permanent
27:22 because calotype (chụp ảnh ca-lô) photographs tended to fade over time.
27:27 And in the end, they found that if the image was produced on glass, it lasted much longer.
27:33 So calotype (chụp ảnh ca-lô) photography was slowly replaced by other techniques which had greater long.
27:42Narrator That is the end of part four.
27:45 You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
28:49 That is the end of the listening test.
28:51 You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet.
39:01 Please stop writing and wait for your question booklet to be collected.
End of Transcript